International Migration and International Migration and Development in Asia and the Pacific: Development in Asia and the Pacific: Key Issues Key Issues and Recommendations for Action and Recommendations for Action Sabine Henning Sabine Henning Population Division Population Division UNITED NATIONS UNITED NATIONS Workshop on “ Workshop on “Strengthening dialogue between ESCWA and ESCAP countries Strengthening dialogue between ESCWA and ESCAP countries on international migration and development on international migration and development” ” Beirut, Lebanon, 28- -30 June 2011 30 June 2011 Beirut, Lebanon, 28
Outline • Migration levels and trends • Migration levels and trends • Migration on the agenda of the United Nations • Migration on the agenda of the United Nations • Capacity • Capacity- -development development • Recommendations • Recommendations Source: United Nations, Population Division/DESA, 2011 Source: United Nations, Population Division/DESA, 2011
The number of international migrants in the The number of international migrants in the world increased between 1990 and 2010 world increased between 1990 and 2010 Millions 250 214 World 200 156 150 More developed regions 128 ESCAP 84 107 100 82 73 Less developed regions 86 50 ESCWA 14 25 0 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010 Source: United Nations, Population Division/DESA, 2011 Source: United Nations, Population Division/DESA, 2011
Two- -thirds of countries recorded an increase thirds of countries recorded an increase Two in the number of international migrants in the number of international migrants from 1990 to 2010 from 1990 to 2010 Increased Decreased Source: United Nations, Population Division/DESA, 2011
The number of international migrants in Asia The number of international migrants in Asia increased between 1990 and 2010 increased between 1990 and 2010 Number of migrants Increment Average annual growth (thousands) (thousand) 1990 2010 1990-2010 1990-2010 ASIA 50,876 61,324 10,448 0.9 Central Asia 6,628 4,970 1,658 -1.4 Eastern Asia 4,484 6,485 2,002 1.8 South-Eastern Asia 3,060 6,715 3,654 3.9 Southern Asia 20,196 14,304 -5,892 -1.7 Western Asia 16,508 28,850 12,342 2.8 OCEANIA 4,365 6,015 1,650 1.6 Australia/New Zealand 4,105 5,674 1,569 1.6 Melanesia 91 111 19 1.0 Micronesia 111 151 40 1.5 Polynesia 58 79 21 1.5 Northern Africa 2,278 2,010 -268 -0.6 Source: United Nations, , Population Division/DESA, 2011
International migrants account International migrants account for a large share of the total population for a large share of the total population in some Asian countries in some Asian countries International migrants as a percentage of the total population, 2010 (among those countries with at least one million inhabitants in 2010) Qatar 87 United Arab Emirates 70 Kuwait 69 Jordan 46 Occupied Palenstinian Territory 44 Singapore 41 Israel 40 China, Hong Kong, SAR 39 Oman 28 Saudi Arabia 28 Source: United Nations, Population Division/DESA, 2011
South- -South migration is as common South migration is as common … … South North North 55 million 12.6 million 72.7 million 2010 2010 73.6 million South South …as South as South- -North migration North migration (based on migrant stock data) … (based on migrant stock data) Source: United Nations, Population Division/DESA, 2011
Most international migration occurs Most international migration occurs within major areas rather than major areas rather than within between major areas major areas between Migrant stock by major area of origin and major area of destination, 2010 (per cent) 63% 37% From Europe From Oceania 58% 42% From Asia 57% 43% 55% 45% From Africa From Northern America 36% 64% From Latin America and the 14% 86% Caribbean Within major area To a different major area Source: United Nations, Population Division/DESA, 2011
Workers from Bangladesh Workers from Bangladesh migrate primarily to Western Asia migrate primarily to Western Asia Countries of destination of overseas employed workers from Bangladesh 700,000 600,000 500,000 400,000 300,000 200,000 100,000 0 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010e Western Asia Libya Malaysia South-Eastern Asia Others Source: Bangladesh, Bureau of Manpower, Employment and Training, June 2011
Workers from the Philippines Workers from the Philippines migrate primarily Western Asia migrate primarily Western Asia Countries of destination of deployed and land based overseas Filipino workers 700,000 600,000 500,000 400,000 300,000 200,000 100,000 0 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 Western Asia Libya Malaysia South-Eastern/Eastern Asia Others Source: Philippine Overseas Employment Administration, June 2011
Countries of destination of Countries of destination of workers from Bangladesh workers from Bangladesh Countries of destination of overseas employed workers from Bangladesh (per cent) Saudi Arabia 2010e UAE Bahrain 2009 Qatar 2008 Kuwait Oman 2007 Libyan Arab Jamahiriya 2006 Malaysia Singapore 2005 Lebanon 0% 20% 40% 60% 80% 100% Others Source: Bangladesh, Bureau of Manpower, Employment and Training, June 2011
Countries of destination of Countries of destination of workers from the Philippines workers from the Philippines Countries of destination of deployed and land based overseas Filipino workers (per cent) Saudi Arabia 2009 UAE Bahrain Qatar 2008 Kuwait Oman 2007 Libyan Arab Jamahirya Malaysia 2006 Japan Hong Kong 2005 Singapore Taiwan 0% 20% 40% 60% 80% 100% Others Source: Philippine Overseas Employment Administration, June 2011
Asia hosts the largest number of refugees Asia hosts the largest number of refugees in the world, 2010 in the world, 2010 Europe, Of the 16.3 million Latin 9.7% refugees America worldwide and the Caribbean, in 2010 ... 3.2% Northern America, Asia, 66.5% Africa, 5.0% 15.7% Oceania, 0.4% Source: United Nations, Population Division/DESA, 2011
In 2010, about half of all In 2010, about half of all international migrants in the world international migrants in the world were female were female World More developed Less developed regions regions 49.0% 51.0% 45.3% 48.5% 54.7% 51.5% 36.2% ESCAP ESCWA 49.1% 50.9% 63.8% Male migrants Female migrants Male migrants Female migrants Source: United Nations, Population Division/DESA, 2011
Women account for less than half Women account for less than half of all international migrants of all international migrants in many countries in Asia in many countries in Asia Female migrants as a percentage of the international migrant stock, 2010 55 per cent or more 50 to 55 per cent Less than 50 per cent Source: United Nations, Population Division/DESA, 2011
For example, in these Asian countries, For example, in these Asian countries, women account for less than 33 per cent women account for less than 33 per cent of all international migrants of all international migrants Female migrants as a percentage of the international migrant stock, 2010 Bahrain 32.9 Iraq 31.1 Saudi Arabia 30.1 Kuwait 30.0 United Arab Emirates 27.4 Qatar 25.8 Oman 20.8 Bhutan 18.5 Bangladesh 13.9 Source: United Nations, Population Division/DESA, 2011
International migrants in Africa and Asia are relatively young … Percentage of migrant stock under age 20, 2010 40 per cent or more 20 to 40 per cent Less than 20 per cent Source: United Nations, Population Division/DESA, 2011
… while they are older in Latin America and Europe Percentage of migrant stock age 65 or over, 2010 20 per cent or more 10 to 20 per cent Less than 10 per cent Source: United Nations, Population Division/DESA, 2011
The young are underrepresented among The young are underrepresented among all international migrants in the world all international migrants in the world Males and females as a percentage of the total population and the international migrant stock, 2010 Total population Migrant stock 65+ 60-64 60-64 55-59 50-54 50-54 45-49 40-44 40-44 35-39 30-34 30-34 25-29 20-24 20-24 15-19 10-14 10-14 5-9 0-4 0-4 10 5 0 5 10 10 5 0 5 10 % Males Females Source: United Nations, Population Division/DESA, 2011
The male working- -age population is overrepresented age population is overrepresented The male working among international migrants in Asia among international migrants in Asia Males and females as a percentage of the total population and the international migrant stock, 2010 Total population Migrant stock 65+ 60-64 60-64 55-59 50-54 50-54 45-49 40-44 40-44 35-39 30-34 30-34 25-29 20-24 20-24 15-19 10-14 10-14 5-9 0-4 0-4 10 5 0 5 10 10 5 0 5 10 % Males Females Source: United Nations, Population Division/DESA, 2011
The male working- -age population is overrepresented age population is overrepresented The male working among international migrants among international migrants in Western Asia in Western Asia Males and females as a percentage of the total population and the international migrant stock, 2010 Total population Migrant stock 65+ 60-64 60-64 55-59 50-54 50-54 45-49 40-44 40-44 35-39 30-34 30-34 25-29 20-24 20-24 15-19 10-14 10-14 5-9 0-4 0-4 10 5 0 5 10 10 5 0 5 10 % Males Females Source: United Nations, Population Division/DESA, 2011
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