International Intercity Environmental Cooperation Hidenori Nakamura, - PDF document

Environmental Issues in Asia University of Kitakyushu 5 December 2012 International Intercity Environmental Cooperation Hidenori Nakamura, Ph.D. Institute for Global Environmental Strategies 1 Outline • International Intercity Network for Low Carbon Sustainable Development • International Environmental Cooperation of Japanese Local Governments 2

Part I: International Intercity Network for Low Carbon Sustainable Development i. Mutual Learning through Asian Intercity Network Programmes for the Environment ii. The Surprising Role of Local Governments in International Environmental Cooperation: The Case of Japanese Collaboration with Developing Countries iii. Enabling Factors Promoting Local Initiatives for Sustainable Consumption in Asia: Potential Roles of Local Governments iv. Role of the Network Secretariat and Network Design (from Lessons Learnt from Regional Intercity Networking: To Promote Sustainable Cities in Asia ) v. International Intercity Collaboration and Its Potential Applications in Low Carbon Development 3 Part I: International Intercity Network for Low Carbon Sustainable Development i. Mutual Learning through Asian Intercity Network Programmes for the Environment ii. The Surprising Role of Local Governments in International Environmental Cooperation: The Case of Japanese Collaboration with Developing Countries iii. Enabling Factors Promoting Local Initiatives for Sustainable Consumption in Asia: Potential Roles of Local Governments iv. Role of the Network Secretariat and Network Design (from Lessons Learnt from Regional Intercity Networking: To Promote Sustainable Cities in Asia ) v. International Intercity Collaboration and Its Potential Applications in Low Carbon Development 4

International Platform for Sustainable Cities Multi ‐ lateral/bi ‐ lateral intercity relationships • International intercity network programme (multi ‐ lateral) e.g. Asia ‐ Pacific Eco Business Forum • City ‐ to ‐ city co ‐ operation (bi ‐ lateral) e.g. Shenyang Kawasaki collaboration Degree of institutionalisation by the stage of development • Loose and ad ‐ hoc participation in events and campaigns, to • Membership and independent secretariat for network programme 5 Stakeholders of International Platform for Sustainable Cities: Case of Kawasaki ‐ Shenyang Memorandum of Understanding Japanese Ministry Chinese Ministry of of the Environmental Eco town cities Protection Environment in Asia Eco town cities in Japan UNEP/IETC Eco town Project Other cities in Promotion of China environmental policies and technologies Memorandum of Understanding Kawasaki Shenyang city, China city, Japan Business Business companies associations Business projects Research Research institution institution Research collaboration 6

International City Networks for the Environment with Asian Cities Southeast Asia South Asia Korea Japan Environment Cluster Environment Project 7 Objectives of International Platform for Sustainable Cities (4) Developing joint actions (1) Mutual reference and ‐ Local government learning ‐ Business ‐ Research (2) Environment (3) Advocacy business promotion 8

Demonstrated Cases of Intercity Collaboration: (1) Mutual Reference CITYNET : The Regional Network ICLEI ‐ Local Governments Kitakyushu Initiative for a of Local Authorities for the for Sustainability – Clean Environment Management of Human Southeast Asia Settlements – Environment cluster Dali Beijin Ulsan an Inc Wei g Se hai Ub heo Yoko Kitaky Kathma e ou n Kathm hama ushu ndu l Dha andu Dh Ha ka Chan aka no Bagui Nonth H g Mai Siem Bangk Bang i Makati N aburi o Ce u Reap Bag ok kok Tungs Bohol Phnom (Manila Puerto ag b Pen e Sibu o ong Province Penh ) Princesa a Colo Band Kuala u ang mbo a Lumpu Aceh r Sura baya Practices shared Practices shared Practices shared • Solid waste management • Climate change mitigation • Waste management and – energy efficiency, renewable • Water and sanitation composting energy, waste and waste water, • Environmental education • Cleaner production transport 9 Demonstrated Cases of Intercity Collaboration: (2) Business Promotion • Kitakyushu city Supported local environmental businesses’ promotion in China – – Three companies initiated businesses in China • Kyushu Recycle and Environmental Industry Plaza (K ‐ RIP) – Concluded MOU on Environmental Industry exchange with Dalian city government – Collaboration extended to Liaoning province in China 10 Source: Kitakyushu city, K ‐ RIP

Business Promotion: CITYNET Smart Cities CITYNET provides online portal to connect Asian cities and environmental solution provides in Europe to enhance interaction. SMART ‐ Cities portal Green Pages to provide company information City Pages to provide city information 11 Demonstrated Cases of Intercity Collaboration: (3) Policy Advocacy C40 and ICLEI : Copenhagen Climate World Mayors Council on Climate Summit for Mayors Change (WMCCC) “Mayors … gathered … to COP 15 Side Event “Action show that we are on the Now! Mayors Deliver Their frontline of climate Messages to COP15” change.” “National governments ought to partner with local governments to tackle climate change.” Discussion on Public ‐ Private Partnership Dialogue Presentation of city case studies Panel debate 12 Sources: Climate Summit for Mayors; ICLEI

Demonstrated Cases of Intercity Collaboration: (4) Joint Actions In the field of research, Shenyang Institute for Applied Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS/IAE) and National Institute for Environmental Studies, Japan (NIES) made an agreement on research collaboration, including Shenyang ‐ Kawasaki collaboration project Shenyang Shenyang’s visit to Kawasaki Collaborative research in Kawasaki Shenyang Researches at Kawasaki 13 Sources: Prof Fujita, NIES; Kawasaki city Demonstrated Cases of Intercity Collaboration: (4) Joint Actions In the field of local administration and businesses, ICLEI has conducted PROCURA+ (plus) campaign with European cities to promote local governments’ sustainable procurement Key product groups: Five milestones ‐ Buses ‐ Cleaning products and services ‐ Electricity ‐ Food and catering services ‐ IT products ‐ Building construction and renovation Benefits: ‐ Seminars, conferences, and study tours ‐ Training and consultancy services with discount Manual 14 Source: ICLEI Europe

Demonstrated Cases of Intercity Collaboration: (4) Joint Actions C40 Cities : International intercity network to tackle climate change with 40 major cities, including London, New York, Tokyo, Hong Kong, Bangkok, Jakarta Clinton Climate Initiative (CCI ) – a foundation ‐ provides support to C40 Cities Key product categories Purchasing Consortium Building materials, systems, and controls • Polling the buying power of cities to Traffic and street lighting lower the price of energy saving Clean buses and waste disposal trucks products • CCI introduces companies to cities Waste ‐ to ‐ energy systems 15 Source: C40 Cities Difficulties Most of international intercity networks are faced by HR and financial constraints Funding: Funding: Funding: Membership fee Member cities’ International Secretariat Network contribution organisations; staffs national governments CITYNET 6 Yes Yes Yes ICLEI Southeast 3 Yes No Yes Asia Kitakyushu 4 No Yes Yes Initiative Ishinabe (2009), author 16

Limited Number of Cities Actively Engaged in Network Activities Distributions of city's frequency of participation in network events from highest to lowest 35 30 Frequency of participation 25 20 CITYNET 15 ICLEI SEA KI 10 5 0 1 6 11 16 21 26 31 36 41 46 51 56 61 Cities sorted by the frequency of participation in network events from highest to lowest, by network programme 17 Source: author Cities’ Strategy to Best Use of International Platform Expected benefits of local Different purpose at government other than different stage capacity development • City promotion • Broad scan and survey of • Obtaining followers, supporters, appropriate platform(s), coalition for advocated polices program(s), and partner(s) and practices • Political support for sustainable development may not be strong • Cities may not have reason to go • Focused partnership and beyond national policy joint project development 18

Expected Benefits for Business and Research Institutions • Business development overseas Business • Market access through network • Application of research on the field Research • Data generation through collaboration with local partners institutions • Social experiments in the field 19 Steps to Start Utilising International Platform Search existing platform Join planned / existing international platform Assess the effectiveness with several trials Propose and create new programmes under the platform Propose and lead the discussion and preparation of new platform 20