County Government of Kiambu INTEGRATED PEST MANAGEMENT INTEGRATED PEST MANAGEMENT INNOVATION LAB (IPM-IL), KENYA INNOVATION LAB (IPM-IL), KENYA Hon. Monicah Hon. Monicah Waiganjo (PhD) Waiganjo (PhD) Presented during Presented during Tuta Tuta absoluta absoluta Workshop Workshop in Ethiopia in Ethiopia (26-28 Nov. 2013) (26-28 Nov. 2013)
IPM IL Project Team in Kenya IPM IL Project Team in Kenya • Waiganjo, M.M; Mbaka,J; Amata, R; Otipa, M; Kuria, S; Kambo C. M, Kahinga, J; Gitonga, J; Wepukhulu,S; Gathambiri,C; Kinyua, Z;
IPM CRSP Goals in Kenya IPM CRSP Goals in Kenya • Develop improved IPM technologies • Increase household income • Improve IPM research and education • Increase gender equity and involvement of women in IPM decision making and program design IPM-CRSP Emphasis IPM-CRSP Emphasis • Multidisciplinary teams • Multi-institutional teams • On-farm research & participatory research The project embraces close linkages between research, extn and farmers. IPM CRSP
Constraints Constraints • Lack of regional coordination and shared strategy • Lack of an IPM research focus on higher-value horticultural crops • Pests (insects, diseases and weeds) priorities were identified at a stakeholders meeting held in Nairobi • Priority crops-tomato, passionfruit, onion, banana IPM CRSP
Tomato Production constraints Limited technical knowledge on high tunnel tomato production and grafting among the major tomato growers. 6
H. tunnel production system considerations Weather and soil factors IPM Strategies (Biotic) (abiotic) Exclusion‐double doors, foot Rainfall‐Affects slope of bath, clean seedlings, insect the structure proof netting Temperatures‐choice of Sanitation‐Inside and material to use (net or outside (weeds, crop plastic), shape and height residue, prunings) of structure, ventilators. Scouting and monitoring‐ Wind strength and visual inspection, use of direction‐wind breakers sticky traps Soil type‐planting method, Safe control of pests irrigation and drainage, (whitefly bollworm, thrips, nutrition, diseases mgt mites) 7
Common High tunnel Structures in Kenya The open frame is composed of wood, metal or plastic. The frame forms a U ‐ SHAPED TUNNEL basic “A” “gothic/arched,” or “Quonset/U ‐ tunnel” shape. The frame may form a single or multiple, attached (adjacent) units of these shapes. These are made either using frame ‐ metal, LOW COST WOODEN ‐ A wood, or PVC pipes FRAME 8 GOTHIC ‐ ARCH
9
Tomato Grafting against Bacterial Wilt, Ralstonia solanacearum A A A Wilt susceptible but Wilt susceptible but market preferred market preferred var. Onyx var. Onyx Bacterial wilt resistant Bacterial wilt resistant B MT56 MT56 B 10
Mwea Farmers tomato grafting training 11
Effects of grafting rootstock on tomato plant vigor and yield Grafted and un-grafted tomato Plant vigor (mean Yield tons/ha. height cm) 1 13.5 ± 3.35cd Anna grafted on Solanum 65.38 ± 7.33d incanum 2 24.6 ± 2.35 c Tylka grafted on Solanum 79.32 ± 7.89cd incanum 3 1.45 ± 0.22d 105.55 ± 7.33bc Anna F1 4 0.56 ± 0.03de 107.32 ± 7.23abc Tylka F1 5 58.50 ± 4.87ab 209.8 ± 8.33ab Anna grafted on MT56 6 66.98 ± 6.89a 324.5 ± 8.67a Tylka grafted on MT56 7 1.35 ± 0.04d 97.60 ± 8.62bcd Anna grafted on TKA 193-31 8 0.23 ± 0.03de 99.31 ± 8.46bcd Tylka grafted on TKA 193-31 9 0.50 ± 0.12de 71.5 ± 8.46cd Anna grafted on wild Cherry 10 0.12 ± 0.01e 67.46 ± 9.11d Tylka grafted on wild Cherry 33.52 CV 48.95 <0.001 p-value <0 0001
• Soil solarization, a non chemical technique that captures radiant heat energy from the sun was found to control bacterial wilt in tomato grown in a high tunnel. • Tomato grown in beds where the clear plastic sheet had been placed for 8 weeks had no bacterial wilt incidence compared to non-solarized tomato bed in Kirinyaga, Kenya (right).
Passionfruit activities Objectives • To develop IPM packages for major pests of passion fruit including Fusarium wilt, dieback, brown spot, viruses and arthropod pests (aphids, leafminers, mealybugs, thrips) • To transfer knowledge and technology packages to stakeholders through innovative farmer participatory approaches
Passion fruit activities at Juja, Central Kenya
Dieback disease symptom Initial and late stages of dieback
Evaluation of biocontrol agents and fungicides in control of brown spot disease • On farm evaluation of T. asperellum, T. harzianum and Cu in controlling brown spot on PPF and KPF12 • PPF + TA spray; PPF + TH spray; PPF +Cu spray;PPF/Control • KPF12 +TA spray; KPF12 +TH spray; KPF12 + Cu spray; KPF12/control • Site; juja farm
Table 1: Dieback in PPF, KPF4 and KPF12 Treatment No Dieback Dieback Alive Dead due to % dieback % % PPF 35 40 25 KPF4 93.7 6.3 0 KPF12 93.7 6.3 0
Brown spot disease symptoms Brown spot on leaves, fruit and stem
Virus symptoms ‐ Fruit woodiness, ring spots and leaf curl and roll, mosaics and crinkling
Validation of virus diagnostic procedure developed at Ohio State university Uasin Gishu District • • Symptomatic and asymptomatic passion fruit samples for validation of the designed primers have been collected from farms • Nakuru North
Farmer preferred onion varieties Variety Bungoma Kirinyaga Nyeri Red creole 81.0% 68.2% 77.5% Bombay red .0% 18.2% 5.0% Red tropicana 1.7% 4.5% 2.5% Africa best .0% 9.1% 2.5% Hybrid Pannar 15.5% .0% 11.3% Others IPM CRSP
Treatment Damage Number of Thrips 1)Need-based pesticide application after 0.056 ± 0.022c 2.713d ± 0.171 scouting (sprayed Confidor1st month,2 nd alternated with Decis 3 rd Month A.T.P. 2)Farmer practice (Spray with Decis at 4 0.200 ± 0.040c 3.925c ± 0.337 weeks A.T.P. and fortnightly thereafter. 3)Needbased pesticide application after 0.206 ± 0.052c 4.544c ± 0.401 scouting and use of biopesticides (Biopower/Metarhizium at 4 weeks A.T.P., alternating with Achook and Decis. 4)Need-based pesticide application 0.481 ± 0.062b 6.663b ± 0.489 starting as in 1 but sprayed during 2 nd month and 3 rd month. 5)Control ( No insecticide application) 1.263 ± 0.066a 14.100a ± 0.467 Cv 18.21150 30.36327 p-value <.0001 <.0001 IPM CRSP
The IPM CRSP project has put KENYA in the World The IPM CRSP project has put KENYA in the World map map Impact on Impact on policy policy Increased Incre visibi vis bility ty Miriam Otipa Miriam Otipa explains her passionfrui explains her passionfruit research activities to Her esearch activities to Her Exellency H. Clinton, U.S Secretar Exellency . Clinton, U.S Secretary of state accompanied by the y of state accompanied by the Director, KARI and other dignitaries Director, KARI and other dignitaries
Capacity building Capacity building (Longterm) Deg Deg Student’s Student’s Institution Institution Exp.Comp xp.Comp ree ree Gender Gender letion letion date date PhD 1Female JKUAT 2013 MSc 4 Females JKUAT/Kenyatta 2012& University 2013 MSc 1Female Makerere 2013 Bsc 1Male JKUAT 2013 MSc 1 Male Methodist 2014 IPM CRSP
Shorterm training (Ohio, Makerere, Shorterm training (Ohio, Makerere, SUA. SUA. Cebrating success Cebrating success during during Pest Pest and and Disease isease Diagnostics Diagnostics for for Internation Internation Trade Trade and and Food Food workshop orkshop at at Ohio Ohio State State University University At At Wooster Wooster in in 2010 2010 IPM CRSP
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