Institute for Global Environmental Strategies Impact of East Asian Economic Integration over resource demands and 3R policy of end of life products Yasuhiko Hotta, PhD I Institute for Global Environmental Strategies tit t f Gl b l E i t l St t i The 3 rd International Conference on Waste Management and Technology, November 5-7 th 2008, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
Impact of East Asian Economic Integration over resource demands and 3R policy of end of life products Institute for Global Environmental Strategies (IGES) • Founded in 1998 with supported from the Government of Japan, • Policy research institute working to promote SD in the Asia-Pacific region, S f involved in a number of policy processes such as 3R Initiative and APFED, • 7 Project Areas: Climate Policy, Biofuel, Forest Conservation, Fresh Water, Waste and Resources, Capacity Development and Education, Business and Environment. • 2 teams for inter-project collaboration: Policy and Governance Team and Economic Analysis Team • 60 full time researchers • Headquarters: Hayama (south of Tokyo), 3 other domestic offices (Tokyo, Headquarters: Hayama (south of Tokyo), 3 other domestic offices (Tokyo, Kobe, and Kitakyusyu), and 2 international offices (Bangkok and Beijing) • More information at www.iges.or.jp 2 Y.Hotta, WMR IGES | http://www.iges.or.jp November 5-7 2008, Beijing, China
Impact of East Asian Economic Integration over resource demands and 3R policy of end of life products Outline of the presentation 1. Internationalization of waste and recycling-related issues 2. Limitation of nation-based recycling system 3. Modeling analysis of impact of regional economic integration (2001 2020) integration (2001-2020) 4. Four strategic options 4 Four strategic options 5. Regional recycling mechanism as a strategic option 5. Regional recycling mechanism as a strategic option 3 Y.Hotta, WMR IGES | http://www.iges.or.jp November 5-7 2008, Beijing, China
Impact of East Asian Economic Integration over resource demands and 3R policy of end of life products 1-1. Internationalization of waste and recycling –related issues in Asia Waste and recycling issues have been internationalized; they can no longer Waste and recycling issues have been internationalized; they can no longer be addressed by domestic measures alone A. Problems from economic integration • Increased waste generation (quantity and complexity) • Increased illegal waste trade, trade in recyclables, improper recycling • Environmental damage from improper recycling and illegal and open Environmental damage from improper recycling and illegal and open dumping – Especially air, water, & soil contamination – Especially toxic and hard to manage materials from e-waste E i ll t i d h d t t i l f t B. Opportunities from economic integration • Opportunity for increased efficiency and specialization in recycling pp y y p y g (increased efficiency of resource utilisation) • Increasing needs for regional policy response See more detailed argument in Hotta and Elder et al (2008) “Policy Considerations for Establishing an See more detailed argument in Hotta and Elder et. al. (2008), Policy Considerations for Establishing an Environmentally-Sound Regional Material Flow in East Asia.” The Journal of Environment & Development. , March 2008 4 4 Y.Hotta, WMR IGES | http://www.iges.or.jp November 5-7 2008, Beijing, China
1-2. Internationalization of waste and recycling-related issues in Asia Developing countries 1.Increased •Waste-related •Increased volume of •Increase in waste •Increase in waste Waste Waste environmental issues i t l i production and •Change in quality and Generation in •Improper recycling in consumption type of waste developing Asia •Change in lifestyle Asia (especially in developing Increase in resource Increase in resource countries) demand in developing Asia International Internationalizati 2.Illegal trade g trade of on of product p Rising Rising recyclables and life-cycle and improper Further international reusables economic treatment of price of Further (including illegal integratio resources international reusables and trade) n division of recyclables labor Damage to 3.Internationali Hollowing out Lower domestic Outflow of domestic （ Especially materials zation of demand for recyclables and recycling and component waste and recyclables reusbales industry industry industry ） industry ） recycling- related issues Incentive to recover cost of •Recycling- Accumulation of collection and Rising related legislation recyclables and transportation p Disposal Disposal •Governmental •Governmental reusables through cost support for legislation recycling industry Developed countries Domestic issues mainly Domestic issues mainly International issues related to developing related to developing related to developed related to developed countries countries Direction of Group of issues influences among issues Source: Hotta, Elder et al. (2008)
Impact of East Asian Economic Integration over resource demands and 3R policy of end of life products 2. Policy implications of internationalization of waste and recycling-related issues: a case of Japan Under expected further economic integration of East Asia and Southeast Asia, the following issues will become more prominent than now; -Further outflow of recyclable resources Further outflow of recyclable resources -Further expansion of foreign market of secondhand Further expansion of foreign market of secondhand goods -Increasing demand for rare/precious recyclable resources 6 Y.Hotta, WMR IGES | http://www.iges.or.jp November 5-7 2008, Beijing, China
Impact of East Asian Economic Integration over resource demands and 3R policy of end of life products 2-1 Further outflow of recyclable resources Outflow of Japan’s recyclable materials is basically a regional issue based on Outflow of Japan s recyclable materials is basically a regional issue based on structural change in East Asian Economy. More than 90% of the export of scrap plastic and scrap copper is to China and Hong Kong. Kong. Export of Scrap Copper from Japan 45 40 35 nd tons 30 Others China 25 25 Ten thousan Taiwan Viet Nam 20 Korea 15 10 5 0 1989 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 1989 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 Note: For Scrap Copper, the chart is based on HS Code (7404). Source: Calculated from Trade Statistics of Japan ( 7 http://www.customs.go.jp/toukei/info/index.htm) Y.Hotta, WMR IGES | http://www.iges.or.jp November 5-7 2008, Beijing, China
Impact of East Asian Economic Integration over resource demands and 3R policy of end of life products Mixed low quality material which can not be recycled in economically feasible manner tend to be shipped to developing counties. Around 33 7% (7 71 million units) of total estimated discharge (22 87 million units) of used Around 33.7% (7.71 million units) of total estimated discharge (22.87 million units) of used four-types of home appliances from house and business facilities are shipped outside of Japan either as reuse purpose (around 26.0% of total estimated discharge) or for resource recovery (around 7.7% of total estimated discharge). y ( g ) Coated wire from home appliances Plastics from home appliances 4 home appliances pp 4 home appliances 4 home appliances Used Products Used Products Waste Plastics Coated wire Unmixed Olefin-type Mixed Urethane-type Nuggets business Mixture of Resource Plastic re Processi as blat f Wire stripping business plastics and copper constru Recove recovery Crush Proces Mixed comp mater redu Freo process RP PF ecycling ery of ssing uction ing into rials on ress cer urnace and with Copper Plastics Scrap dealers Output of Output of Smelter/ S lt / Resin Blast Construction Recycler Export Export RDF recyclable material furnace material Refinery resources 8 Source; Terazono et. al.(2004) P.53-54. Y.Hotta, WMR IGES | http://www.iges.or.jp November 5-7 2008, Beijing, China
Impact of East Asian Economic Integration over resource demands and 3R policy of end of life products 2-2 Further expansion of foreign market of secondhand goods For reuse purpose, 5.94 million units; around 26.0% of total estimated discharge has been shipped outside of Japan since the introduction of home appliance recycling law. Through further economic integration, trade of second hand goods in addition to new products will be increased. This can facilitate disguised trade without regional policy response to control trade of secondhand goods. 9 Y.Hotta, WMR IGES | http://www.iges.or.jp November 5-7 2008, Beijing, China
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