Indigenous Knowledge and Land Use Study Prepared for: Enbridge - PDF document

Line 21 Pipeline Segment Replacement Project Indigenous Knowledge and Land Use Study Prepared for: Enbridge Pipelines Inc. Prepared by: Ł ı ́ ı ́ dl ı ̨ ́ ı ̨ ́ Ku ̨́ e ̨́ First Nation, in collaboration with Shared Value Solutions Ltd. October 12, 2017

Contents 1.0 Introduction ................................................................................................................. 1 1.1 ................................................................................................... 1 Background and Study Purpose 1.2 The Dene Worldview: the interconnectedness of ecological and cultural wellbeing ................. 2 1.3 Ł ı ́ ı ́ dl ı ̨́ ı ̨́ Ku ̨́ e ̨́ First Nation Governance: Dene laws, values, principles and decision ‐ making ........... 2 1.4 ............................................................................................................... 4 Summary of the Project 1.5 ............................................................................................................... 1 Defining the Study Area 1.5.1 Local Study Area ...................................................................................................................... 1 1.5.2 Regional Study Area ................................................................................................................ 1 1.6 Disclaimer .................................................................................................................................... 2 1.7 Study Team .................................................................................................................................. 2 1.7.1 Ł ı ́ ı ́ dl ı ̨́ ı ̨́ Ku ̨́ e ̨́ First Nation.............................................................................................................. 2 1.7.2 K’iyeli Cultural Services ........................................................................................................... 3 1.7.3 Shared Value Solutions ........................................................................................................... 3 1.8 Methodology ............................................................................................................................... 3 1.8.1 Existing LKFN Research ............................................................................................................ 3 1.8.2 ............................................................... 5 Line 21 Segment Replacement Mapping Interviews 2.0 Study Results ............................................................................................................... 6 2.1 ................................................................................................ 7 Traditional Ecological Knowledge 2.1.1 Fish Habitat, Migration Routes and Spawning Areas ............................................................ 11 2.1.2 ....................................................................... 11 Land Mammal Habitat and Migration Routes 2.1.3 Bird Habitat and Migration Routes ....................................................................................... 12 2.1.4 Plant Habitat ......................................................................................................................... 13 2.1.5 Species at Risk Habitat and Migration Routes ...................................................................... 14 2.1.6 Salt Licks ................................................................................................................................ 15 2.1.7 Natural Drinking Water Sources ........................................................................................... 16 2.1.8 Changes to the Land and Environment ................................................................................. 17 2.2 .............................................................................................................................. 18 Cultural Sites 2.2.1 ........................................................................... 22 Historical Settlements or Gathering Places 2.2.2 Contemporary Gathering Areas ............................................................................................ 23

2.2.3 ............................................................................................................................. 23 Burial Sites 2.2.4 Death Sites ............................................................................................................................ 25 2.2.5 ......................................................................................................... 25 Spiritual or Sacred Sites 2.2.6 ........................................................................................................ 26 Traditional Place Names 2.2.7 Other Cultural Locations ....................................................................................................... 27 2.3 Subsistence Land and Resource Use ......................................................................................... 29 2.3.1 Hunting .................................................................................................................................. 33 2.3.2 Trapping ................................................................................................................................ 41 2.3.3 Fishing ................................................................................................................................... 41 2.3.4 ................................................................................... 46 Plant and Natural Material Gathering 2.4 Commercial Land and Resource Use ......................................................................................... 50 2.4.1 Commercial Fishing ............................................................................................................... 53 2.4.2 Commercial Trapping ............................................................................................................ 53 2.4.3 Commercial Guiding .............................................................................................................. 57 2.4.4 Commercial Gathering .......................................................................................................... 57 2.5 Occupancy and Access Areas ..................................................................................................... 59 2.5.1 Demographics ....................................................................................................................... 62 2.5.2 Overnight Locations .............................................................................................................. 63 2.5.3 ....................................................................................................... 64 Access Areas and Routes 3.0 Community Perspectives on the Proposed Project ..................................................... 66 4.0 Discussion and Conclusions ........................................................................................ 68 4.1 Project interactions with traditional land and resource use: implications of risks to LKFN Aboriginal Rights ..................................................................................................................................... 68 4.2 ..................................................................................................................... 70 Recommendations 5.0 References ................................................................................................................. 72 Appendix A: Study Team Member Biographies ...................................................................... 73 Appendix B: Line 21 Segment Replacement Specific Data Collection Toolkit .......................... 74