INDIAN POWER SECTOR AN OVERVIEW P. ESTHER KAMALA DIRECTOR(IRP) - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

INDIAN POWER SECTOR AN OVERVIEW P. ESTHER KAMALA DIRECTOR(IRP) CENTRAL ELECTRICITY AUTHORITY

Structure of Indian Electricity Sector

Peculiarities of Regional Grids in India Defic icit it Regio ion REGIONAL Snow ow fed ed – run-of of – the he – riv iver er hydr dro GRIDS Highly hly weat athe her r sens nsitiv itive load ad Adver erse e weat athe her r cond ndit itio ions ns: Fog g & Dust Storm orm CHICKEN-NECK NORTH THERN ERN Very ry low load ad REG REGION ION NORTH- EASTERN High h hydro dro pot oten entia ial REGION EASTER EA STERN N Evac acuat uatio ion n proble oblems REGI EGION ON WES WESTE TERN RN REG REGION ION Low load ad High h coal oal res eser erves SO SOUTH THERN ERN Pit head ead base load ad plant ants REGION REG ION Indus ndustrial ial load ad and d agri ricultura ultural l load ad High h load ad (40% 0% agri ricultur ultural al load) ad) Mons nsoon oon depen pende dent nt hydro dro

En Ener ergy gy Re Resou source rce Ma Map • Hydro potential in NER and upper part of NR • Coal reserves mainly in ER

WIND AND SOLAR ENERGY RESOURCE MAP OF INDIA (Source CWET, Chennai)

Renewable Energy Potential in India(source:MNRE) SOLAR POTENTIAL 749 GW 1,11,050 WIND POTENTIAL 103 GW 5685 33,840 2,810 16,800 8,650 4,940 534 93 236 4,560 2,050 11,200 13,760 98 1,42,310 112 22,830 5,050 1,260 7,290 144 16 5,860 35,770 35071 61,660 91 2,931 2,080 10,630 56 22 18,2 314 9,090 70 25,780 1,384 64,320 6,260 20,410 5,961 38,440 14,497 13593 OTHER- -790 880 TOTAL---7,48,991 120 17,670 14,152 24,700 837 6,110

Key Dimensions of Indian Grid Dimension Numbers Area Footprint 3.2 Million Km 2 Population Served > 1.3 Billion Peak Demand Met (2018-19) 175.5 GW Annual Energy Met (2018-19) 1267.5 BU Installed Capacity as on 31.07.2019 360 GW Renewable Energy Capacity 79 GW HVDC Transmission 15,556 CKm Transmission Network (EHV &HVDC) as on 31.03.2019 681611 CKm Inter-Regional Transmission Capacity 99 GW International Exchange with Neighbouring Countries ~ 3 GW PER CAPITA CONSUMPTION (2018-19) 1181 KWH T&D LOSSES (2017-18) 21.04% AT&C LOSSES (2015-16) 23.98% Annual Trading Volume 56 TWh Power Exchanges 2

GROWTH OF INDIAN POWER SECTOR

INSTALLED CAPACITY Sector-wise All India Installed Fuel-wise Total All India Installed Capacity (in MW) AS ON 30.07.2019 Capacity (MW) As on 30.07.2019 RES Nuclear 80632.8 Gas Diesel Private 6780 22% Central 24937.22 637.63 167461.8 2% 90176.9 7% 0% 46% 25% Hydro 45399.22 13% State 102817.61 29% Coal 202069 56% TOTAL: 3,60,456 MW

INSTALLED CAPACITY- RES Development of RE in India RES Installed capacity in MW as on 30.07.2019 40000 36686.82 35625.97 Solar 35000 Power 32279.77 30070.38 30070.38 28180.71 30000 37% Bio-Power Small 9269.8 Hydro 25000 11% Power 20000 4604.8 16896.6 6% 12288.83 9241.8 15000 8311.78 766.84 4593.15 3410.5 9269.8 4379.855 2045.07 10000 3255 1411.38 4604.8 Wind 5000 941.3 Power 2.12 36686.82 0 46% 31st 31st 31st 31st 31st July March March March March 2019 2008 2012 2017 2019 Solar Wind Small Hydro(SHP) Bio-Power Total : 80,632.8 MW FIG IN MW

Installed Capacity (MW) 100,000 150,000 200,000 250,000 300,000 350,000 400,000 50,000 0 31.12.47 1362 31.12.50 1713 End of Ist Plan (31.03.56) 2886 Planwise Growth of Installed Capacity in the End of the IInd Plan (31.03.61) 4653 End of the IIIrd Plan (31.03.66) 9027 End of the Annual Plan (31.03.69) 12957 End of the IVth Plan (31.03.74) 16664 End of the Vth Plan (31.03.79) 26680 End of the Annual Plan (31.03.80) 28448 Plan/Year End of the VIth Plan (31.03.85) 42585 (Utilities) Country End of the VIIth Plan (31.03.90) 63636 End of the Annual Plan (31.03.92) 69065 End of the VIIIth Plan (31.03.97) 85795 End of the IXth Plan (31.03.02) 105046 End of Xth Plan (31.03.07) 132329 End of XIth Plan (31.03.12) 199877 End of XIIth Plan (31.03.17) 326833 344002 As on 31.03.2018 As on 31.03.2019 356100 MW 100000 120000 140000 160000 180000 20000 40000 60000 80000 0 2000-01 9936 27969 63721 2001-02 10800 28734 65512 State 2002-03 11351 29944 66582 Sector wise Growth of Installed Capacity 2003-04 12325 32854 67505 2004-05 13718 35547 69161 2005-06 14135 36917 73235 2006-07 16713 42037 73579 2000-01 to 2018-19 2007-08 20511 45027 77523 2008-09 22879 45777 79309 Year 2009-10 47479 82905 (MW) 29014 2010-11 50759 87417 35450 2011-12 59682 85919 54276 2012-13 68859 89125 65360 Private 2013-14 68126 88164 92265 2014-15 107304 95079 72521 2015-16 76297 127076 101790 Central 2016-17 80257 103967 142608 2017-18 84517 103975 155511 2018-19 86597 105076 164428

GENERATION(2018-19) Gross Electricity Generation in Sector wise Growth of Energy Generation (GWh) India Mode wise - 2002-03 to 2018-19 (Utilities) 600000 (31.03.2019) Nuclear 37812.59 500000 Diesel 3% Gas 124.8 49833.75 State 0% Hydro 400000 4% 134893.61 RES 10% 126759.09 300000 Central 9% Prvate 200000 100000 Coal 1022265.33 0 74% TOTAL 1371689 GWh State Private Central Coal Hydro Diesel Nuclear Gas RES ALL FIGURES IN GWh

Installed Generating Capacity and Generation of Captive Power Plants in Industries having Demand of 1MW & Above - Mode wise (31.03.2019)@ Diesel Steam 13484.90 MW Diesel 141137.00 23.25% 7723.00 GWh 80.65% 4.41% Gas 7752.96 MW Gas 13.37% 23785.00 13.59% Hydro Steam 48.26 MW RES 34833.08 MW 0.08% 2258.00 60.06% HYDRO 1.29% RES 1880.80 97.00 GWh 3.24% 0.09% TOTAL = 58000 MW Total = 175000 @-Estimated Hydro Steam Diesel Gas RES Steam Diesel Gas Hydro RES @ Estimated

BROAD TIMELINE Electricity(Supply) Act,1948 Major Challenges : Few Regulations: State sector Dominant. Two-part tariff introduced Lack of Inter-Regional Private Sector Participation- in 1992 Transmission Network. : licensed CERC was established Default in Payments by SEBs Constant Peak and energy deficit. ABT introduced in 2000 and lack of liquidity-Single Low growth for Central sector point tariff. End of IV End of IX 1950 Plan Plan (1973-74) (2001-02) All India IC 1713 MW Inadequate Resources led Central Sector IC Constitution of Central companies: 31605.5 MW (30%) Central NTPC, NHPC , NEEPCO , NPCIL. Sector IC Large Capacities(200/210 MW) Huge Demand 2507.5 MW Regional Projects-Regional grid. for CGS Power Rate of growth of Central sector outpaced State Sector .

Timeline: X – XII Plan (2002-2017) Electricity Act,2003. Huge investment planning: 61000 Delicensed Regime. MW PPAs signed by states with Promoted Competition, Open NTPC. Access. High Participation by Private Private Sector Participation sector - Attractive ROE. Better performance by Central sector plants. Regulations insulated Cent. X plan XI plan XII plan Generating Comp. from Losses Begin Begin Begin (2002-03) (2007-08) (2012-13) Regulations: Relevant Regulations: Tariff Regulation 2009-14(ROE=15.5 %). National Tariff Policy Surrender of firm allocation by a 2006-Competitive beneficiary as per tariff regulations Bidding. 2009. Multi YearTariff regulations 2004-09.

Current scenario Surrendering of firm power by states to the tune of 3890 MW . Highest ever capacity addition - private sector. Power Exchanges flourished. Power tariffs have reduced in open market. Demand of Power High Tariffs for non-pit head CGSs. from CGSs Surplus power for many states. XII Plan

PLF (%) 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 0 52.40 1985-86 53.20 1986-87 56.50 1987-88 1988-89 55.00 1989-90 56.50 1990-91 53.90 1991-92 55.30 1992-93 57.10 All India PLF (%) of Thermal Power Stations 1993-94 61.00 60.00 1994-95 63.00 1995-96 (Coal and Lignite based) 1996-97 64.40 1997-98 64.70 1998-99 64.60 1999-00 67.30 2000-01 69.00 Years 2001-02 69.90 2002-03 72.20 72.70 2003-04 74.80 2004-05 2005-06 74.30 2006-07 76.80 2007-08 78.60 2008-09 77.20 2009-10 77.68 2010-11 74.97 73.47 2011-12 70.13 2012-13 65.56 2013-14 2014-15 64.25 2015-16 62.24 2016-17 59.88 2017-18 60.72 2018-19 61.07

Major Unit Sizes and Steam parameters 18 Size Efficiency (%) Year MW 30-50 ~31 1950 60-100 32-33 1960 110 to150 35-36 1970 200/210 36.3 -37.8 1977 250 38.3 1995 500 38.5 1984 500 38.7 2010 660 39.5 2010 660/800 40.5 2012

CAPACITY MIX (SINCE MARCH,1981) 100% 90% 80% 70% 60% 50% 40% 30% 20% 10% 0% Coal+Lignite Gas+Diesel Hydro Nuclear RES