Karen van Creveld Kar aren van an Creveld Li Lighting Design Illuminating Themes : Light, Health and Wellbeing
Illuminating Themes : Light, Health and Wellbeing Karen van Creveld cibse.org/b2plive @CIBSE #Build2Perform
1948 WHO definition of healt h “A state of complete physical, mental and social well-being and not merely the absence of disease or infirmity” WHO Constitution cibse.org/b2plive @CIBSE #Build2Perform
Introduction CIE 2004/2009 Principles of healthy lighting Intensity The daily light dose received by people in Western [i.e., industrialized] countries 1 might be too low Duration Healthy light is inextricably linked to healthy darkness 2 Spectrum Light for biological action should be rich in the regions of the spectrum to which 3 the nonvisual system is most sensitive Distribution The important consideration in determining light dose is the light received at the eye, 4 both directly from the light source and reflected off surrounding surfaces. The timing of light exposure influences the effects of the dose timing Timing 5 These principles should lead to a renewed emphasis on architectural daylighting. Daylight is rich in that area of the spectrum, and bright at the times of day that seem most important to these processes. cibse.org/b2plive @CIBSE #Build2Perform
Overview HUMANS EFFECT LIGHT MECHANISM • Visual Circadian effects: performance • Circadian entrainment • Spatial • Circadian phase shifting Intensity Vision appearance Eye • Discomfort Duration • Biofilia Age Direct effects including: • Hormone production Gender • Heart rate Spectrum Circadian system Chronotype Non- • Body temperature image Light history Arousal system • Gene expression forming • Sleep Distribution Affective system • Affection(Fear/Panic) • Alertness /Vigilance Timing • Vitamin D • Cognition/Attention Skin • Thermal (IR) • Emotion/Mood • UV radiation cibse.org/b2plive @CIBSE #Build2Perform
Eye and Brain Photoreceptors in human retina: • Rods • Cones • ipRGCs (intrinsically photosensitive retinal ganglion cells) Photopigments: • Different photopigments • ipRGCs contain melanopsin, most sensitive to light at around 480 nm • Non-image forming biological system less sensitive but longer lasting cibse.org/b2plive @CIBSE #Build2Perform
Eye and Brain • Visual performance Primary optic tract (POT) • Perceptual judgements • Cognitions concerning the Rods/cones scene ipRGCs SCN Retino-hypothalmic tract (RHT) Retina Pineal gland Visual cortex Circadian effects: • Circadian entrainment Retina to brain pathways: Pathways in the brain : • Circadian phase shifting Two separate pathways (visual and non- Nerve connections between the image forming) from the eye to various retina of the eye and the visual Direct effects including: brain regions cortex ( vision - continuous bold line ) • Hormone production and between the retina and the • Heart rate ipRGCs do not act alone. Rods and cones suprachiasmatic nucleus (SNC) and • Body temperature contribute to many non-image forming the pineal gland • Gene expression processes and vice versa ( circadian system - bold broken line ) • Sleep • Affection(Fear/Panic) Light signals via the ipRGCs target Not shown - evidence of additional • Alertness /Vigilance different areas of the brain pathways from retina via limbic • Cognition/Attention simultaneously. These in turn generate system activating the arousal system • Emotion/Mood successive responses in other regions (emotion) and affective system(alertness) cibse.org/b2plive @CIBSE #Build2Perform
The daily light dose received by people in industrialized countries Intensity 1 might be too low Environmental Illuminance (Lux) 0.1 10 50 500 1000 2500 10 000 100 000 100 1 Moonlight Next to Modern Overcast Full Candle Twilight Museum window office sky sun cibse.org/b2plive @CIBSE #Build2Perform
The daily light dose received by people in industrialized countries Intensity 1 might be too low 8am 9am 7am 1pm 6pm 4pm 3pm 11pm cibse.org/b2plive @CIBSE #Build2Perform
Healthy light is inextricably linked to healthy darkness Duration 2 cibse.org/b2plive @CIBSE #Build2Perform
Healthy light is inextricably linked to healthy darkness Duration 2 World Urbanization Prospects: 1950 - 2050 Source: United Nations, Department of Economic and Social Affairs, Population Division: World Urbanization Prospects, the 2009 Revision. New York, 2010 cibse.org/b2plive @CIBSE #Build2Perform
Light for biological action should be rich in the regions of the spectrum Spectrum 3 to which the non-visual system is most sensitive cibse.org/b2plive @CIBSE #Build2Perform
Light for biological action should be rich in the regions of the spectrum Spectrum 3 to which the non-visual system is most sensitive Images created by James Newton 2019 , included with kind permission cibse.org/b2plive @CIBSE #Build2Perform
Determining light dose is the light received at the eye, both directly Distribution 4 from the light source and reflected off surrounding surfaces cibse.org/b2plive @CIBSE #Build2Perform
The timing of light exposure influences the effects of the dose timing Timing 5 Peak in logical reasoning Best co-ordination 14.30 10.00-12.00 Peak serotonin & endorphin Peak testosterone secretion release 14.00-16.00 09.00 12.00 Melatonin release stops Noon 07.30 Fastest reaction time 15.30 Peak cortisol 06.00-08.00 18.00 06.00 Highest body temperature Lowest body temperature 18.30 Peak in melatonin release Lowest reasoning ability Midnight Melatonin release starts 04.30 21.00 00.00 Deepest sleep Lowest endorphin release 02.00-04.00 20.00-22.00 Peak evening libido Highest sleep drive 22.00-00.00 0.00-02.00 cibse.org/b2plive @CIBSE #Build2Perform
Conclusion cibse.org/b2plive @CIBSE #Build2Perform
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