IBESA U.S. Storage Day Integrator’s Perspective on Trends in Battery Energy Storage Systems Pero C. Elizondo – Flex Energy September 10, 2017
BESS Integration Network Charging Connection Batteries Point BESS Inverters Step up or Batteries (bidirectional) Isolation LOAD AC to DC and Transformer DC to AC MV or LV SWGR Discharging Batteries
BESS Components System Components Description Energy Reservoir. Its main function is to retain the energy for a later usage. Storage Medium Power Conversion System Majority of the storage technologies requires power electronic equipment to invert the DC into (PCS) AC to connect the energy storage system to the grid. Include the housing for the Storage Medium and the PCS, and the control system. Balance of Plant
BESS Integration | System Sizing – Starting Point: Application Energy Storage Systems Applications Network Type of Application Name Classification Location Application A, B i) Commodity Arbitrage Energy Energy ii) Load Leveling Management B, D Spinning and non-spinning Energy Energy reserve. Management A, B Frequency Regulation T&D grid Support or Power Bridging Power* B, D, F T&D congestion relief T&D grid Support or Power Bridging Power B, D, F T&D asset deferral T&D grid Support or Power Bridging Power B, D Voltage Regulation or Power Quality** Power Support C Integration of renewable Bridging Power or sources to the grid, Energy Power or optimizing the renewable Management. Energy energy usage. depending on C Ramp Control and Capacity T&D grid Support or the design. Firming of renewables Bridging Power E, G, H i)Power Quality ii) Demand Power Quality / Power Management (peak UPS shaving)
BESS Integration | System Sizing – Starting Point: Application Power and Energy Applications Pumped Energy Hydro Power Applications Energy Applications Applications NaS battery System performance parameter CAES Li-Ion Flow battery Power Rate Up to 40 MW Higher than1 MW (cost (depends on the effective >10 MW) Li-ion battery application) Lead-acid battery Discharge Time Up to 1 hour > 1 hour Flywheels / Capacitors Power Response time Fast (seconds) Medium (minutes) Applications Cycles (charging and Several cycles per day One or few cycles per day discharging)
BESS Integration | System Sizing State of Charge (%) 100% Starting Point: Application 90% • Power rating - How much power can it 80% 70% deliver at any moment? 60% • Energy capacity - How much total energy 50% 40% can the system store? 30% 20% 10% 0% Parameters to Size the System (batteries) Number of Cycles per day Discharge rate Expected Life Depth of Discharge kW kW-hr
BESS Integration challenges Network Charging Connection Batteries Point BESS Inverters Step up or Batteries (bidirectional) Isolation LOAD AC to DC and Transformer DC to AC MV or LV SWGR Discharging Batteries System Integration Design Factors: - Duty Cycle - Bidirectional - Voltage - DOD - Protection - Protection - SOC - Active/Reactive power - Short Circuit Capability - SOC - Harmonics control - Degradation - Generation Control - Ambient Conditions - Island Functionality - Shor Circuit - Black Start Capability - Safety - Integration with the BMS
BESS Integration Challenge System Components Challenge • Cost per kW-hr Storage Medium • Performance • Safety • Minimize the loss of life • Efficiency • Cost per kW Power Conversion System • Functionality (PCS) Dynamic Active Power Control Dynamic Reactive Power Control Generator Emulation Control Mode (with Voltage and Frequency droop) Auto Island Functionality with Synchronization Back to Grid Black Start Capability • Include the housing for the Storage Medium and the PCS, and the control system Balance of Plant • Safety • Life • Bankable providers
BESS Integration | System Control Grid Connection Equipment Inverters Network Control System goal is to control the Real and Reactive Power (P and Q) integrating the Batteries, PCS and Grid components to positive impact the Network Performance. Battery System
Value Proposition for Battery Containers (SCP) Container Need Approach Benefits Design - Reduces engineering cost - Comprehensive Design - Provide Infrastructure to the process: Electrical, Mechanical batteries for optimal - The layout of the and Thermal performance(temperature, container is flexible so that airflow) strings can be treated as - Design based on Battery bays with specific loads Requirements and parameters - Safety and thermal budget like DOD,SOC, SOH, - Protection for the highest cost enabling the integration of Volts/Amps, Short Circuit, BMS, asset many manufacturers with and Temperatures. - Integration of Battery Racks minimal engineering effort. - Purpose build enclosure with and connection to the PCS - The SCP is being ISO dimensions including - Cost Efficient ($/kW-hr) engineered to maximize engineered DC protection, the power/energy density thermal management, fire of the system by utilizing a suppression, controls, auxiliary novel layout approach. load distribution, and power connectivity. - Unmanned enclosure allows to place inside - The enclosure is unmanned higher number of battery and access to all equipment for racks which increases the operational and maintenance energy density per purposes is provided through container. side doors. - Thermal management - Verification of thermal control through a PLC management through including monitoring and Computational fluid dynamics control of key systems like ( CFD ) which is a branch of fluid HVAC and fire suppression mechanics that uses numerical system analysis to solve problems that involve fluid flows
Battery Container | Typical Components 20’ HQ ISO purpose HVAC build structure Battery Racks HVAC duct Unmanned enclosure with external access to DC bus @ 1000VDC all components Fork lift pockets + 4 DC connection port bottom rigging points AC aux input 10
Battery Container | Components DC Panel: Fire detection and suppression: AC panel: Container: Fuses Control panel Aux transformer Insulated Disconnect Sensors Disconnect switch Checker plate interior and floor Contactor Battery backup Fuses Side bi-fold doors PLC/RTU Horn Aux load power distribution Purpose build with ISO HQ dimensions Battery string CBs Strobe 3kVA UPS Agent + storage container (FM200 Power supply for DC aux loads or NOVEC 1230) Discharge nozzles and piping Signs (caution and discharge) HVAC 11
BESS Integration | Value proposition for customers Value proposition Cost savings on engineered system Reduced integration times (and costs) Reduced engineering costs Ability to scale up with Increased power/energy density to reduce cost per kW-Hr
BESS Value proposition aligned with Smart Grid Customer Value Drivers Energy Storage Systems supports the Smart Grid Priorities based on Customer Value Drivers: Increased Capacity – increase power delivery using existing infrastructure Improved Reliability – reduce number and duration of outages, increase asset life Greater Efficiency – improve power factor, perform voltage management, provide bidirectional power flow Sustainability – solutions for distributed generation as well as increased usable life of assets through performance monitoring and analytics Interoperability and Integration of New Technologies : Storage, Wireless communications, Monitoring/Diagnostics
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