Hydrogeology in the Carpathian Basin Peter Szucs 1,2 , Tams Madarsz 1 - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

Hydrogeology in the Carpathian Basin Peter Szucs 1,2 , Tamás Madarász 1 , László Perger 3 1 University of Miskolc, Department of Hydrogeology and Engineering Geology, Miskolc-Egyetemvaros, Hungary,hgszucs@uni-miskolc.hu 2 EFG Panel of Experts on Hydrogeology 3 National Institute of Environment (NeKI), Department of River Basin Management, Budapest, Hungary EFG Hydrogeology Workshop European water policy: challenges for Hydrogeologists Brussels, 22-23 November 2013

Outline • Facts and specialties concerning hydrogeology in the Carpathian Basin • Implementation of the Water Framework and Groundwater Protection Directives. Challenges and experience • Conclusions

Special hydrogeological conditions inside the Carpathian Basin belonging to the Danube watershed (source: NeKI 2011) One of the closest basin of the Earth concerning the surface and subsurface water accounts

Special hydrogeological conditions of Hungary Complex geology Pre-Neogene basement relief Haas (2001)

Special hydrogeological conditions of Hungary (Bada et al. 1999) z [mBf] 500 P [MPa] 0 20 40 60 80 -500 P(z), Rétegnyomás - mélység összefüggés EOV Y: 749000 m - 777000 m EOV X: 136000 m - 157000 m -1500 Terület: Fábiánsebestény és környéke -2500 Oros-1 Oros-3 Szentes-ÉK-1 Nsz-3 Fáb-4  st  9.8067  MPa/km -3500 Fáb-4 Hidrosztatikus nyomásállapot -4500 The Carpathian Basin is under tectonic compression Over-pressured aquifers

Special hydrogeological conditions of the Great Plain - Deep over-pressured flow systems originated from the Pre-Neogene basement -Superimposed, shallower, gravity-driven flow system „Unique natural groundwater laboratory” H 1 József Tóth H' H 2 H'' 1 1 E W 1000 1000 T isza 50x exagerated elevation (m a.s.l.) Szeged Duna 500 500 land surface 95 0 0 8 0 9 130 0 8 100 1 90 85 80 90 5 120 1 0 110 100 120 -500 -500 100 0 95 1 0 0 5 5 1 8 -1000 -1000 9 150 90 5 100 110 1 120 120 2 Elevation a.s.l. (m) 120 5 1 0 200 1 0 0 0 95 1 -1500 5 -1500 0 2 0 100 0 150 ? 1 0 0 5 0 1 -2000 -2000 200 0 1000 0 0 0 500 0 2 5 0 -2500 -2500 0 1 0 0 5 -3000 -3000 1000 -3500 -3500 -4000 -4000 hydraulic head contour (m a.s.l.) 120 with direction of fluid driving force -4500 -4500 top of Pre-Neogene basement with fault Mh -5000 (vertical exageration: -5000 = 10 ) Mv Distance from western end of cross section (km) -5500 -5500 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100 110 120 130 140 150 160 170 180 Tóth and Almási 2001

Special hydrogeological conditions of Hungary Aridity map Floods, excess inland water and draught can occur at the same place and same time!!! (Source: NeKI) Risk map of potentially excess inland water

Danube basin IMPLEMENTATION 800.000 km2 OF THE EU WFD 100 millions inhabitants 14 (+5) countries - Wide range of water bodies -Fulfilment of environmental goals -River basin planning for good status of waters

Trans-boundary aquifers in Europe Source: UNECE Hungary (Source: NeKI) Szucs and Virag (2010) Groundwater bodies: 185 Transboundary: 40 IS Legend : responded to inventory transboundary aquifers transboundary aquifers SE RU Ukraine FI Hungary NO upstream downstream EE IE LV DK Hungary GB LT RU NL BY KZ BE DE PL LU CZ UA SK FR CH AT MD HU SI HR RO PT ES BA IT GE YU AZ BG AM The largest specific number concerning internationally shared aquifers in Europe MK AL TR GR Special hydrogeological conditions of Hungary

Shared waters shared responsibility (not only for GW)  exchange of information (promoted by  joint problem diagnosis  joint decisions on transboundary measures  working together in coordination of common interested measures

Groundwater bodies in Hungary by WFD

Status assessment of HU groundwater bodies Good Weak by quantity Weak by both Weak by quality

Groundwater for ecosystems by WFD

The role of groundwater resources in drinking water supply Percentage of drinking water supply covered by groundwater resources: World more than 50 %, Europe more than 75 %, Hungary more than 95%. (around 700 million m3/year) WHYMAP, 2008

Aquifers for drinking water supply in Hungary

Program for vulnerable drinking water resources

Waterworks operated from vulnerable groundwater resources Water abstraction (m3/d ) Aquifer types 50 alatt 50 - 100 57% 100 - 500 15% 500 - 30% 1.000 27% 22% 1.000 - 11% 5.000 8% 5.000 - 8% 15.000 10% 2% 5% 15.000 5% Shallow fölött partiszűrésű talajvizes Bank filtered groundwater Porous aquifer rétegvizes karsztvizes Karstic aquifer egyéb Others

Vulnerable aquifers for prospective drinking water reserve Water abstraction to be Aquifer types protected (m3/d) 10.000 alatt 1% 10% 10% 71% 10.000 - 30.000 30.000 - 37% 42% 50.000 17% 50.000 - 11% 100.000 1% 100.000 partiszűrésű talajvizes Shallow fölött Bank filtered goundwater Bank filtered Combined (shallow & talajvizes és rétegvizes rétegvizes Porous aquifer porous) Capacity: around 1 000 000 m3/day

The importance of mineral, medicinal and thermal water resources Favorable natural conditions in the whole Carpathian Basin. Complex geology flow systems and tectonics, post volcanic effects Large diversity in groundwater chemistry

The importance of mineral, medicinal and thermal water resources Increasing national trend in mineral water consumption OGYFI – 195 different registered mineral waters, and 220 acknowledged medicinal water sources .

The importance of mineral, medicinal and thermal water resources Around 100 million m 3 /year thermal water production (baneological and heat utilization) Budapest – 2 nd place, Best Spa Vacation in Europe, TripAdvisor, 2009

The importance of mineral, medicinal and thermal water resources 80% of the total area of Hungary is suitable for thermal water production (Mádlné Szőnyi Judit 2006) - increasing geothermal energy utilization – geothermal atlases VITUKI Around 3000 petroleum industry deep wells are available

The importance of groundwater resources Available groundwater resources (Somlyódy 2011) Recharge ??? Extreme weather conditions ??? Utilization ??? Sustainability ??? Available GW resources.: 2.5 km 3 /year Drinking, mineral, medicinal and thermal water resources can not be handled independently .

Conclusions • Groundwater resources play significant role in Hungary as well as in the whole Carpathian Bain. Many specialties. Main source of drinking water supply • The increasing utilization of mineral, medicinal and thermal water resources is important national interest. National Development Plan • Realization of integrated groundwater management. The importance of transboundary collaboration concerning surface and groundwater resources • Many tasks and challenges for hydrogeologists inside the Carpathian basin. 1/3 of groundwater bodies in Hungary are not in good condition

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