Hybrid Natural Gas (NG) Vehicles Project Manager: Dr. Edgar Matida Lead Engineers: Drs. Xiao Huang, Junjie Gu and Jurek Sasiadek
Natural Gas • Composition: mainly methane (CH 4 - highest H/C ratio of all fuels), with other hydrocarbons (for example: ethane, propane, butanes, and pentanes), carbon dioxide, nitrogen and hydrogen sulfide (H 2 S) • Marketable natural gas (processed natural gas with no impurities) • Compressed natural gas (CNG) • Liquefied natural gas (LNG) • Liquefied petroleum gas (LPG; propane or butane)
Natural Gas Prices in Canada 9 8 7 6 US$/million BTU 5 4 3 2 1 0 Source: BP Statistical Review 2012
Compressed Natural Gas (CNG) Powered Vehicles • Properly tuned engines (either diesel or gasoline engines) can be modified to burn compressed natural gas (CNG) – Conversion – Additional tank (3600 psi) – Home fuelling compression stations (8 hours)
Compressed Natural Gas (CNG) Powered Vehicles • Properly tuned engines (either diesel or gasoline engines) can be modified to burn compressed natural Fiat Siena, Brazil gas (CNG) – Conversion – Additional tanks (3600 psi) – Home fuelling compression stations (8 hours) Source: Washington, DC, Auto Show (2009) Source: Honda website
Hybrid CNG Vehicles • Alternatives to conventional engines – Natural gas fuel cells – Microturbines Source: National Institute of Building Sciences • Addition of batteries and electrical motors to the system Fuel Cell Stack (Carleton Univ., 2012)
Goals • Design, manufacturing, and testing of key subcomponents such as engines, ignition and control system • Emission measurements • Natural gas fueling and storage • Build and test a fully functional natural gas and battery/fuel cell powered car • Subjects involved: fluid mechanics, heat transfer, combustion and emissions, structural analysis, and safety analysis
Project’s First Year Accomplishments • Project started with converting a small engine/machine to an alternative fuel source. • Gave experience working on small engines and knowledge of possible issues when working with larger ones.
Converting A Car to run off of CNG • We have a vehicle to convert! • Involves many exciting and new challenges. • Requires design, manufacturing, installation and testing. • Building a Dynamometer to test a second engine that we possess.
Different Projects under NGV • Dynamometer and Engine. • Fuel Injection and Emissions. • Fuel Cells. • CNG Tank. • Home Refuelling. • Advanced Design.
Lead Engineers • Edgar Matida: project manager and lead engineer for the performance of NG powered engines, fuel cells and batteries • Junjie Gu: lead engineer for heat transfer, cycle analysis and emission reduction • Xiao Huang: lead engineer for structures, integration and cost analysis
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