Human-Machine Systems Engineering Introduction & Example
A User-Centered Human-Machine Systems Engineering Process Needs, Problems, Opportunities 2
A User-Centered Human-Machine Systems Engineering Process Needs, Problems, Opportunities Operation,Test Analysis & Evaluation Users, Operators, Subject Matter Experts Implementation Design 3
A User-Centered Human-Machine Systems Engineering Process Needs, Problems, Opportunities Operation,Test Analysis & Evaluation Users, Requirements Operators, Subject Matter Experts Implementation Design 4
A User-Centered Human-Machine Systems Engineering Process Needs, Problems, Opportunities Operation,Test Analysis & Evaluation Users, Requirements Operators, Subject Matter HFE Principles Experts & Guidelines Implementation Design 5
A User-Centered Human-Machine Systems Engineering Process Needs, Problems, Opportunities Operation,Test Analysis & Evaluation Users, Requirements Operators, Subject Matter HFE Principles Experts & Guidelines Implementation Design Design Specifications 6
A User-Centered Human-Machine Systems Engineering Process Needs, Problems, Opportunities Operation,Test Analysis & Evaluation HMS: Humans, Users, Requirements Machines, Operators, Processes Subject Matter HFE Principles (Model, Mockup, Experts & Guidelines Prototype, Product) Implementation Design Design Specifications 7
A User-Centered Human-Machine Systems Engineering Process Needs, Problems, Background Research Opportunities Concept Development Task Analysis Detailed Task Analysis Requirements Engineering Operation,Test Analysis & Evaluation HMS: Humans, Users, Requirements Machines, Operators, Processes Subject Matter HFE Principles (Model, Mockup, Experts & Guidelines Prototype, Product) Implementation Design Design Specifications 8
A User-Centered Human-Machine Systems Engineering Process Needs, Problems, Background Research Opportunities Concept Development Task Analysis Detailed Task Analysis Requirements Engineering Operation,Test Analysis & Evaluation HMS: Humans, Users, Requirements Machines, Operators, Processes Subject Matter HFE Principles (Model, Mockup, Experts & Guidelines Prototype, Product) Implementation Design Conceptualization Preliminary Design (PDR) Design Final Design (CDR) Trade Studies Specifications HF Experiments 9
A User-Centered Human-Machine Systems Engineering Process Needs, Problems, Background Research Opportunities Concept Development Task Analysis Detailed Task Analysis Requirements Engineering Operation,Test Analysis & Evaluation HMS: Humans, Users, Requirements Machines, Operators, Processes Subject Matter HFE Principles (Model, Mockup, Experts & Guidelines Prototype, Product) Implementation Design Construction Conceptualization Mock-up Preliminary Design (PDR) Design Fabrication Final Design (CDR) Manufacture Trade Studies Specifications HF Experiments 10
A User-Centered Human-Machine Systems Engineering Process Needs, Problems, Requirements Verification Background Research Heuristic Evaluation Opportunities Concept Development Usability Testing Task Analysis Role-Playing Detailed Task Analysis Simulation Requirements Engineering Operational Testing Operation,Test Analysis & Evaluation HMS: Humans, Users, Requirements Machines, Operators, Processes Subject Matter HFE Principles (Model, Mockup, Experts & Guidelines Prototype, Product) Implementation Design Construction Conceptualization Mock-up Preliminary Design (PDR) Design Fabrication Final Design (CDR) Manufacture Trade Studies Specifications HF Experiments 11
A User-Centered Human-Machine Systems Engineering Process Needs, Problems, Requirements Verification Background Research Heuristic Evaluation Opportunities Concept Development Usability Testing Task Analysis Role-Playing Detailed Task Analysis Simulation Requirements Engineering Operational Testing Research Operation,Test Question(s) Analysis & Evaluation Hypothesis Formulation Research Design HMS: Humans, Users, Requirements Machines, Operators, Processes Data Collection Subject Matter HFE Principles (Model, Mockup, Experts & Guidelines Prototype, Product) Data Analysis & Hypothesis Testing Interpretation & Implementation Design Application of Results Construction Conceptualization Mock-up Preliminary Design (PDR) Design Fabrication Final Design (CDR) Manufacture Trade Studies Specifications HF Experiments 12
Example of the HMSE Process Development of the Emergency Cesarean Delivery Facilitator (ECDF) 13
A User-Centered Human-Machine Systems Engineering Process Needs, Problems, Opportunities Operation,Test Analysis & Evaluation HMS: Humans, Users, Requirements Machines, Operators, Processes Subject Matter HFE Principles (Model, Mockup, Experts & Guidelines Prototype, Product) Implementation Design Design Specifications 14
A User-Centered Human-Machine Systems Engineering Process Needs, Problems, Opportunities 2 full passes + internal iterations Operation,Test Analysis & Evaluation HMS: Humans, Users, Requirements Machines, Operators, Processes Subject Matter HFE Principles (Model, Mockup, Experts & Guidelines Prototype, Product) Implementation Design Design Specifications 15
A User-Centered Human-Machine Systems Engineering Process Needs, Problems, Opportunities Operation,Test Analysis & Evaluation HMS: Humans, Users, Requirements Machines, Operators, Processes Subject Matter HFE Principles (Model, Mockup, Experts & Guidelines Prototype, Product) Implementation Design Design Specifications 16
Background, Statement of Need Background ● Cesarean Delivery (sometimes called Cesarean Section): surgical delivery of baby – System vulnerabilities, especially in small, rural hospitals – Inherent risk of procedure ● Difficulty in assembling on-call team for unscheduled, emergency procedure ● Urgent, chaotic conditions ● Human Fallibilities (sensory, cognitive, motor) – System vulnerabilities + human fallibilities = delays, errors, potential for catastrophe – Need ● Reduce – “decision-incision” time ● errors ● Improve – Team communication ● Team awareness of system, processes ● Coordination of people, processes, procedures ● ECDF: Information & communication system to facilitate ● Notification, assembly, preparation of team – Preparation of mother (and baby) – Preparation of operating room – 17
A User-Centered Human-Machine Systems Engineering Process Needs, Problems, Opportunities Operation,Test Analysis & Evaluation HMS: Humans, Users, Requirements Machines, Operators, Processes Subject Matter HFE Principles (Model, Mockup, Experts & Guidelines Prototype, Product) Implementation Design Design Specifications 18
A User-Centered Human-Machine Systems Engineering Process Needs, Problems, Background Research Opportunities Concept Development Task Analysis Detailed Task Analysis Requirements Engineering Operation,Test Analysis & Evaluation HMS: Humans, Users, Requirements Machines, Operators, Processes Subject Matter HFE Principles (Model, Mockup, Experts & Guidelines Prototype, Product) Implementation Design Design Specifications 19
Hierarchical Task Analysis (partial): Perform Emergency Cesarean Delivery ● A0: Perform ECD – A1: Decide, plan, & manage delivery – A2: Proceed with natural delivery & recovery – A3: Prepare for ECD ● A31: Summon & prepare team ● A32: Prepare mother & fetus(es) ● A33: Prepare OR – A4: Perform ECD surgery – A5: Restore & recover from ECD – A6: Analyze ECD 20
IDEF0 Task Analysis Perform Emergency Cesarean Delivery (A-0 diagram) Controls Task (Activity) Inputs Outputs To perform a Task: Mechanisms transform Inputs to Outputs, subject to Mechanisms Controls. 21
IDEF0 Task Analysis Perform ECD (A0) 22
IDEF0 Task Analysis Perform ECD (A0) 23
IDEF0 Task Analysis Perform ECD (A0) Detail 24
IDEF0 Task Analysis Prepare for ECD (A3) 25
IDEF0 Task Analysis Prepare mother & fetus(es) (A32) 26
A User-Centered Human-Machine Systems Engineering Process Needs, Problems, Opportunities Operation,Test Analysis & Evaluation HMS: Humans, Users, Requirements Machines, Operators, Processes Subject Matter HFE Principles (Model, Mockup, Experts & Guidelines Prototype, Product) Implementation Design Design Specifications 27
Some ECDF Functionality Requirements The ECDF shall allow one person to simultaneously summon the entire ● first-call ECD Team within 3 minutes of the decision to do an ECD. … the ECDF shall provide guidance to Team members on how to prepare ● the mother and fetus(es), i.e., to: – assess patient state – get informed consent – prep mother for surgical procedure – prep fetus(es) for surgical procedure – administer pre-op meds – transport patients to OR ... the ECDF shall provide guidance to Team members on how to prepare ● the OR, i.e., the: – anesthesia equipment – surgical instruments – baby warmer – neonate resuscitation equipment – etc. 28
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