HRI Ethics Nao pill (MAARS) American remote ATLAS reminder - PDF document

2/21/19 Ethics and Robotics HRI Ethics Nao pill (MAARS) – American remote ATLAS reminder system control gunbot Robear transfer robot Modular Advanced Armed Robotic Nao pill ATLAS System (MAARS) – American reminder robot remote control gunbot What is Ethics? Normative Ethics (“Ethics”) The study of right and wrong ac-on Consequen1alism/u1litarianism (consequence based) • • Maximize the overall good • Descrip1ve (or compara1ve) ethics: • ‘The greatest good for the greatest number. ’ • How do people think about these issues? • What are the laws? What are the cultural norms? • Deontology (duty based) • It is moral to follow rules, and intent is what maRers. • Prescrip1ve ethics: • ‘Because it’s the law.’ • How should one act? • Neither What should the laws and norms be? • Contractualism (contract based) • absolute nor rela1ve Do exactly those things where a ra1onal agent would • Applied ethics • want to live in a world where everyone did those things. Iden1fying the correct course of ac1on for real problems • Extremely ‘Golden Rule’ • near-term ques1ons! Robot Vision Cybernetics You’re building a vision system: • 1

2/21/19 Categories of Harm Meta-Questions Ques1ons we will not answer today: Robots can physically harm people. • • What do “right” and “wrong” mean? • How? • This is a huge Who gets to decide what’s right and wrong? • Negligently • category – but How do/should those decisions be made? • Deliberately • is it the most likely? What should we do about things that are wrong? • ..? • We’ll use commonly understood ideas of wrong: • Robots can impinge on people’s self-determina1on. • It’s wrong to harm people • • Physically, emo1onally, financially… Robots can fail to act as expected, causing… • It’s wrong to discriminate against people “Without extenuating • Physical harm It’s wrong to steal from people circumstances,” and • • understanding that It’s wrong to invade people’s privacy Emo1onal distress • • sometimes there’s no It’s wrong to be unfair to people • “vic1mless” ethics is Disappointment • “right” alternative rarely “applied” Categories of Harm What Robots, and How? • Military Robots • Cyberne1cs Robots can change our defini1on of “humanity.” • • Caretaker robots Robots can have rights that are impinged upon. • Search-and-rescue • Elderly • Robots can discriminate. • • Automated cars Children • Robots can do environmental damage. • • Assis1ve robots • Bipeds and Quadrupeds Robots can increase the have/have-not gap. • • Explora1on robots For people • • Factory robots For na1ons • • Why is ATLAS • Surgical robots Scary? Big Questions Topics Drive discussion with an example: Self-driving cars Can computers “hurt” people? Sure. • • What about robots? Even more so. • Can a machine be • Sort of. There’s a “unfair” (discriminatory)? GIGO aspect. Why do we, as robo6cists , • Ethics and morals, care? legal liability What are some immediate • And generalize from there issues, right now? • 2

2/21/19 Self-Driving Cars Harder Questions What about naked self-driving cars? Cars can hurt or kill people. • • No control mechanisms inside at all • How many fatali1es is acceptable? • Is it enough to not cause accidents? • Should it be legal for a person to drive? • Even if cars are demonstrably beRer at it? • People cause accidents! • ~38,000 deaths per year in the U.S. Why? • • Lately it’s been going up Because I wanna? • • Because we dislike giving up control? How many of you text and drive? • • Even if you accept the risks, what about my rights? • Do cars have to be perfect? Just beRer than humans? • Somewhere in between? Who’s legally liability? ß this is a big question � • that will affect the future The Hardest One When an accident is inevitable… • Should the car occupants get hurt? • That is, the person who paid for it? • If it’s not their fault? • Would you buy a car that could hurt or kill you? • If it could be avoided by hur1ng or killing someone else? • Can you buy any other kind? What’s the difference? • But consider: • Would you swerve to avoid a kid in the road? • What about a baby stroller? • Who should be deciding these things? Uber? • Harm in HRI Code of Ethics Therapy: Taking it away • Dignity: Respect privacy, frailty, and emo1onal needs • Privacy rights and vulnerable popula1ons • Design: Be transparent, predictable, and trustworthy; • convey status; allow op1ng out Physical contact • Legality: Respect all laws; all decisions reconstructable; • Discouraging bonding • always seek informed consent Decep1ve studies • Social: Avoid decep1on; consider emo1onal bonding; • Sales agents • disallow human morphology; avoid –ist behaviors Haves and have-nots • Do we like it? • Diversity • 3

2/21/19 Ethical Governor Rules A component that intervenes in ethical cases Drawn from exis1ng literature • • …by computer science students • “More sensi1ve signals [are] hard to detect … • currently, but we can add those more sensi1ve signals to our architecture later by developing the technology. “ Anger-based • Emo1onal or physical withdrawal based • Uses rules to provide ac6ons • Rule Structure Evaluation and Conclusions Evalua1on • Reviewed by an OT expert • Qualita1ve analysis à changes • Actual user trials planned • Pros and cons • PD-specific • Early stages • is it scalable? (No. Not at all. Does it maRer?) • How did they do wrt. Riek? • Overall Disabled, Able, and Super-Able Disabled: What are our responsibili1es? • • “Having a physical or mental condi1on that • What about cultural context? limits movements, senses, or ac1vi1es.” • Compared to who? I can’t lik 180 kg. • Caregivers vs. pa1ents • 20-20 vision is compara1vely new. • Prosthe1cs: pacemakers, cochlear Diversity, again • • implants, bionic limbs, re1nal implants Military applica1ons • Beyond able-bodied… • For work: TALOS; EKSO • For informa1on: Google Glass • For fun? • 4