How do giant molecules wiggle? Ashish Lele National Chemical - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

Mar 23, 2024 •534 likes •818 views

How do giant molecules wiggle? Ashish Lele National Chemical Laboratory Acknowledgement: Chirag, Omkar, NCL Academy Contents Giant molecules and their applications Unusual flow behaviour Solids, liquids and. Wiggling motions

How do giant molecules wiggle? Ashish Lele National Chemical Laboratory Acknowledgement: Chirag, Omkar, NCL Academy
Contents � Giant molecules and their applications � Unusual flow behaviour � Solids, liquids and…. � Wiggling motions
Giant molecules H H H H Polymers OR n C C C C Macromolecules n H H X X
Giant molecules Molecular size ( Å) Molecule Molecular weight (g/mol) H 2 2 1.5 O 2 32 3.0 CO 2 44 3.3 Ethylene 28 1.7 Benzene 78 2.8 Fullerene C 60 720 10 Polyethylene 50,000 – 5,000,000 100 Silk 400,000 100 DNA >10 6 7300
Long chains? � Proposed the concept of polymers in 1920. � Colloidal chemists rejected the idea. Hermann Staudinger 1881-1965 Awarded Nobel Prize in Chemistry in 1953. � � Rightfully called the father of polymer chemistry.
Can we live without them ?
Why are they so popular? � Excellent properties � Easy to shape into products � Cheap � Reusable � Good service life � ….. We consumed 7 million tons in 2008 !! (Mutha et al, 2006)
How are they shaped? heating flowing Plastics Melt Shaping
How are they shaped?
How are they shaped?
How are they shaped?
Flow behaviour demos… � Rod climbing � Extrudate swell � Melt fracture � Filament stretching � Dilatency and yield stress
Is this solid or liquid?
Solids (Elastic) � Recovery (memory) � Energy storage = − F k x � Hooke’s law Robert Hooke 1635-1703 Homework: Can you render water elastic?
Molecular origin of elasticity Bond stretching Bond rotation Enthalpic Entropic
Molecular origin of elasticity 0.4 probability distribution R 0.3 N steps 3 k T 0.2 = b B F R 2 Nb 0.1 0 0 2 4 6 8 10 R
Liquids (Viscous) � Zero recovery (no memory) � Energy dissipation dv = − η F A � Newton’s law dy Sir Isaac Newton 1642-1727
Viscoelasticity James Clerk Maxwell 1831-1879 � Fading memory � Short time elastic, long time viscous λ = � “Mountains flow before the Lord” De t p
Wiggling in solutions Robert Brown 1773-1858
Wiggling in solutions Rouse, P.E. Jr., 1953 ζ 2 b λ ≈ 2 N k T B Plucked string of a guitar
Wiggling in melts Pierre de Gennes 1932-2007 2 k T L = λ = 3 B D ~ N ζ c N D bead c
Why are wiggling motions important? � Choosing the right polymer for an application. � Choosing the right equipment for a polymer. � Influence on solidification processes. � Biological processes.
THANK YOU!
Rod climbing
Extrudate swell
Melt fracture
Filament stretching

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