Life Cycle Assessment of the framework of Cyprus M. TSANGAS , A. A. ZORPAS Energy Policy L A B O R AT O R Y O F C H E M I C A L E N G I N E E R I N G A N D E N G I N E E R I N G S U S TA I N A B I L I T Y , E N V I R O N M E N TA L C O N S E RV AT I O N A N D M A N A G E M E N T , FA C U LT Y O F P U R E A N D A P P L I E D S C I E N C E S , C Y P R U S O P E N U N I V E R S I T Y , 3 3 G I A N N O U K R A N I D I O T I S T. , 2 2 2 0 , L A T S I A , N I C O S I A , C Y P R U S HERAKLION 2019 Conferen
1. PURPOSE PRESENTA TION 2. METHODS CONTENTS 3. RESULTS 4. CONCLUSIONS
Energy is necessary for life and development Energy is connected to impacts to the environment and the society throughout its life cycle PURPOSE Energy is connected to economic growth and prosperity. Energy is a key element of sustainable development Energy policy is important to minimize negative impacts and maximize benefjts. Cyprus faces challenges for its energy future
T o investigate the Life Cycle framework of the Cyprus Energy Policy PURPOSE T o detect suitable sustainability indicators for Life Cycle assessment of the island’s Energy Policy
LCA is a standardized technique that: METHODS “addresses the environmental aspects and Life Cycle potential environmental impacts (e.g. use of Assessment resources and the environmental consequences of releases) throughout a (LCA) product's life cycle from raw material acquisition through production, use, end-of- life treatment, recycling and fjnal disposal (i.e. cradle-to-grave)” (ISO 14040:2006) End of Raw Life material Productio Use n Supply
METHODS Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) Source: ISO 14040 : 2006
Widely used tools for sustainability measurements METHODS Energy planning assessment tool Able to cover Sustainability economic, Indicators social and environmental issues
METHODS LCIA indicators detection method
LIFE CYCLE ASSESSMEN T Area under study Source: Google maps and (PIO, 2019)
LIFE CYCLE ASSESSMEN T GOAL AND Cyprus Energy Policy SCOPE Framework System Energy sources Energy Energy supply / productio boundaries use extraction n
CYPRUS ENERGY POLICY LIFE CYCLE INVENTORY Policy axes Electricity and gas market liberalization. Healthy Oil market liberalization competition Oil stock terminals creation. Development and use of energy saving technologies. Energy supply ensuring Domestic Renewable Energy Sources exploitation. Protection of the environment from industrial pollution. Energy needs satisfaction with the minimum Use of more friendly to the environment energy forms e.g. burden to economy and environment natural gas source: EAC, 2019
CYCLE INVENTORY Cyprus 2020 13% of 5% less gross fjnal green house Energy energy gases consumption emissions targets from compared to renewable 2005 levels sources 2,2 Mtoe energy consumption reduction by energy effjciency source: EC, 2019
POLICY LIFE CYCLE INVENTORY Cyprus Energy System
CYCLE INVENTORY Cyprus Energy balance 2017 source: EUROSTAT, 2019
CYCLE INVENTORY Cyprus Energy resources Presentation and Geographical Distribution of Licences for RES Units by 20 (CERA, 2017)
CYCLE INVENTORY Cyprus Energy resources Sankey Diagram for the overall electricity generation in 2016 (CERA, 2017)
CYCLE INVENTORY Cyprus Energy resources Hydrocarbons Exploration licenses and licensed companies map (Hydrocarbons Service, 2018)
ENERGY Econo POLICY LIFE Social CYCLE mic INVENTORY Employment Economic growth Energy Energy poverty Health and policy Energy cost safety impacts Security Dutch Social Disease objections
ENERGY POLICY LIFE Environmental CYCLE INVENTORY Environmental Air pollution accidents Land use Climate change Energy Visual nuisance Smell Water / Soil policy contamination Impacts on Noise Flora & Fauna impacts Dust Waste Use of (solid/liquid sources )
POLICY LIFE CYCLE Environmen Dutch Climate tal disease INVENTORY change accidents Social Health and Energy cost objections safety Employme Economic nt Energy growth Healthy Land use Water / Soil competition policy contamination Smell impacts by Energy Energy needs satisfaction poverty with the Energy supply Impacts on minimum ensuring axis burden to Flora & Fauna economy and Security environment Visual nuisance Dust Use of sources Air pollution Waste (solid/liquid Noise )
Impact category Indicator Unit LIFE CYCLE Environmental Climate change Carbon Dioxide mass CO 2 Kg MWh -1 ASSESSMEN emitted Pollution Emissions total mass Kg MWh -1 T (Air pollution & water / soil contamination) SUSTAINABI Waste T otal waste Kg MWh -1 (solid/sludge) (solid/sludge) mass LITY produced Dust Dust mass emitted Kg MWh -1 Smell Smell related no MWh -1 INDICATORS complaints Land use Occupied land for m 2 MWh -1 infrastructure Visual nuisance Plant area m 2 MWh -1 Noise Noise related no MWh -1 complaints Use of sources Water use m 3 MWh -1 Oil use ltr MWh -1 Impacts on fmora Species impacted no MWh -1 and fauna Environmental Number of no MWh -1 accidents environmental accidents
LIFE CYCLE Impact category Indicator Unit ASSESSMEN Social Employment Employment needs* Work positions T MWh -1 Health and Safety Health and Safety no MWh -1 issues incidents SUSTAINABI Social objections T otal number of no MWh -1 complaints by the LITY society Energy poverty No of electricity no MWh -1 interruptions to INDICATORS households Security Energy by domestic MWh of domestic sources * resources MWh -1 Economic Economic growth Annual GDP € MWh -1 difgerence* Energy cost Mean price of € MWh -1 energy Dutch disease Domestic energy € MWh -1 business sector turnover * The higher is preferable
Cyprus is depended to energy imports CONCLUSIO The island has indigenous energy resources NS There are options for alternative energy policy scenarios Energy policy can be assessed by life cycle impact indicators Policy formulation could be based on this assessment results and connected targets Further work: LC indicators to be calculated for current and alternative policy scenarios
THANK YOU
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