Harnessing Molecular Engineering and Science for Impact Carol Dahl September 18, 2012
Molecular Engineering and Sciences Institute o an intellectual accelerator to bring fresh approaches and ideas to societal grand challenges in sustainable energy and materials, and in medical therapeutics and diagnostics o a physical incubator where new interdisciplinary teams can come together in a shared space. o promote collaborative molecular ‐ scale research
A few reflections: • Progress in Molecular Engineering and Sciences • Societal grand challenges • How to create impact
Progress in Molecular Engineering and Science
2003 The Human Genome Project: Lessons from Large-Scale Biology Area Goal Achieved Date Science 1 1 April 2003: 2 ‐ to 5 ‐ cM resolution vol. 300 no. 5617 286-290 1 ‐ cM resolution map Genetic map map (600 to 1,500 September 1994 Table 1 (3,000 markers) markers) HGP goals and dates of achievement. 30,000 sequence ‐ Physical map 52,000 STSs October 1998 tagged sites (STSs) 95% of gene ‐ >98% of gene ‐ containing part of containing part of DNA sequence human sequence human sequence April 2003 finished to 99.99% finished to 99.99% accuracy accuracy Sequence 500 Sequence >1,400 1994 Capacity and cost of Mb/year at <$0.25 Mb/year at <$0.09 November 2002 finished sequence per finished base per finished base Human sequence 100,000 mapped 3.7 million mapped February 2003 variation human SNPs human SNPs Full ‐ length human 15,000 full ‐ length Gene identification March 2003 cDNAs human cDNAs Finished sequences of E. coli, S. cerevisiae , C. Complete sequences elegans, D. of E. coli, S. melanogaster , plus Model organisms cerevisiae , C. April 2003 whole ‐ genome drafts elegans, D. of several others, melanogaster including C. briggsae, D. pseudoobscura, mouse, and rat High ‐ throughput Develop genomic ‐ Functional analysis oligonucleotide 1994 scale technologies synthesis DNA microarrays 1996 Normalized and subtracted cDNA 1996 libraries Eukaryotic, whole ‐ genome knockouts 1999 (yeast) Scale ‐ up of two ‐ 2002 hybrid mapping
“Current sequence throughput from automated electrophoresis instruments is approximately 7,000,000 bases (raw) per instrument year. Use of these instruments in sequencing approaches based on a combination of shotgun and directed strategies results in a throughput of about 700,000 finished bases per year. “ “… dramatically improved DNA sequencing technology can be developed through the application of existing miniaturization and automation technologies to state ‐ of ‐ the ‐ art genomic sequencing … approaches exist that create a path to a substantially reduced scale for sequencing devices with associated throughput increase and cost March, 1995 decrease.”
NNI launched 2000 2000
December 4, 2000 “…-devices less than one-thousandth the diameter of a human hair- that will scan the body for the molecular signatures of cancer-…the sensors could treat cancers once cell at a time… leaving healthy ones unharmed…”
$43 million grant from Gates Foundation brings together unique collaboration for antimalarial drug Effort could significantly reduce cost, boost aupplies of artemisinin By Robert Sanders, Media Relations| 13 December 2004 BERKELEY – A $42.6 million grant from the Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation to the Institute for OneWorld Health, the first nonprofit pharmaceutical company in the United States, will create a powerful new approach to developing a more affordable, accessible cure for malaria, which kills more than a million children each year. 2004
What are the Societal Grand Challenges of Today?
Molecular Engineering and Sciences Institute o an intellectual accelerator to bring fresh approaches and ideas to societal grand challenges in sustainable energy and materials, and in medical therapeutics and diagnostics
Presidents Obama’s Priorities and Grand Challenges o Clean energy o Advanced vehicle technology o Improvements in health care technologies http://www.whitehouse.gov/assets/documents/SEPT_20__Innovation_Whitepaper_FINAL.pdf
Grand Challenges in Engineering o Make solar energy economical o Provide energy from fusion o Provide access to clean water o Reverse-engineer the brain o Advance personalized learning o Develop carbon sequestration methods o Engineer the tools of scientific discovery o Restore and improve urban infrastructure o Advance health informatics o Prevent nuclear terror o Engineer better medicines o Enhance virtual reality o Manage the nitrogen cycle o Secure cyberspace http://www.engineeringchallenges.org
Millennium Development Goals o Eradicating extreme poverty and hunger o Achieving universal primary education o Promoting gender equality and empowering women o Reducing child mortality rates o Improving maternal health o Combating HIV/AIDS, malaria, and other diseases o Ensuring environmental sustainability o Developing a global partnership for development http://www.engineeringchallenges.org
How to Create Impact?
Maximizing Impact of the MolES Institute o Accelerating discovery o Translating ideas to inventions, products and solutions o Training the problem solvers of the future
National Collegiate Inventors and Innovators Alliance Supporting technology innovation and entrepreneurship in higher education to create experiential learning opportunities and successful, socially beneficial innovations and businesses 2 0
U NIVERSITY I NNOVATORS $1.25 million annually to students, the largest pool of funding for university student ventures in the United States Grants and training programs to catalyze and accelerate invention & innovation: – Funding and support aimed at scalable, technology based innovation with a positive impact on society – University & college students at all levels in science and engineering, business and their faculty mentors
Selected NCIIA-Funded Ventures
Maximizing Impact of the MolES Institute o Accelerating discovery o Translating ideas to inventions, products and solutions o Training the problem solvers of the future
Thank You
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