Haida Gwaii, MaPP and Marine Protection Russ Jones Manager, Marine Planning Council of the Haida Nation russ.jones@haidanation.com Atlantic Policy Congress – Indigenous Protected Areas Workshop Halifax. 29 March 2017. 1
Outline 1. Overview of marine planning in Haida Territory 2. Integrated planning: PNCIMA and MaPP 3. Marine Protection: CHN-BC Protected Areas, Gwaii Haanas, SG ̱ aan K ̱ inghlas – Bowie Seamount, MPA Network Process 4. Lessons Learned 2
1. Overview of Marine Planning in Haida Territory • Pacific North Coast Integrated Management Area (PNCIMA) • Marine Planning Partnership (MaPP) • CHN-BC Protected Areas • Gwaii Haanas • SGaan Kinghlas – Bowie / NSB Seamount MPA • MPA Network Planning in Northern Shelf Bioregion 3
Gov’t to Gov’t Agreements Agreement Parties Pacific North Coast Collaborative Oceans Governance FNs, DFO and MOU (2008) BC Letter of Intent to Collaborate on Coastal and Marine FNs and BC Planning in the Pacific North Coast (2011) Strategic Land Use Agreement (2007) CHN & BC Kunst’aa guu – Kunst’aayah Reconciliation Protocol (2009) CHN & BC Gwaii Haanas Agreement (1993) CHN & PC Gwaii Haanas Marine Agreement (2010) CHN, PC & DFO The SGaan Kinghlas-Bowie Seamount Memorandum of CHN & DFO Understanding (2007) 4
Relationships & Governance CHN – Haida Nation DFO – Fisheries & Oceans Canada PC – Parks Canada BC – Province of British Columbia 5
Haida Gwaii Marine Planning Coordination Process/Plan Advisory Body Coordination Body Haida Gwaii Marine Plan Gwaii Haanas Advisory Committee SGaan Kinghlas – Bowie Seamount Advisory Integrated Oceans Advisory Committee Regional Marine Advisory MaPP Regional Action Framework Committee Science Advisory Committee 6
2. Integrated Planning: PNCIMA and MaPP 7
Integrated Planning “…a continuous process through which decisions are made for the sustainable use, development and protection of areas and resources … (that) acknowledges the interrelationships that exist among different uses and the environments they potentially affect. It is designed to overcome the fragmentation inherent in a sectoral management approach, analyzes the implications of development, conflicting uses and promotes linkages and harmonization among various activities.” (COS 2002, p. 36; see also Cicin-Sain and Knecht 1998, 39) 8
PNCIMA – Pacific North Coast Integrated Management Area • Oceans Act 1996 • One of 5 national pilots in 2004 • Collaborative Governance MOU (2008) between DFO and First Nations. Expands to include BC (2010) • DFO changes scope (2011) to high-level strategic plan o No spatial or detailed sub-regional planning 9
Haida Perspective on PNCIMA Governance 10
2. Integrated Planning PNCIMA and MaPP Timeline PNCIMA Plan Draft Announced DFO-FN PNCIMA by BC, DFO Letter of Plan for and FNs Interim BC joins Intent; FNs public PNCIMA Measures re-engage in review 2017 Agreement MOU (BC - PNCIMA (Canada-FNs) Canada-FNs) 2013 2012 2002 2010 2008 2011 2011 Sep Nov PNCIMA 2014 2015 Collaborative DFO MaPP Governance Public changes MOU MaPP Plans MOU Comment scope of between Announced by (Canada- on MaPP PNCIMA; BC and FNs BC and FNs Plans FNs) FNs 11 withdraw
Scope of the PNCIMA Plan (2017) • High-level strategic plan based on ecosystem-based management (EBM). Two key components: • EBM Framework • 5 Implementation Priorities: - Governance arrangements - MPA network planning - Monitoring and adaptive management - Integrated economic opportunities - Tools to support plan implementation • Gaps: Spatial planning, fishing and shipping 12
MaPP – Marine Plan Partnership • Led by: Province of BC Council of the Haida Nation North Coast Skeena First Nations Stewardship Society Central Coast Indigenous Resource Alliance Nanwakolas Council • 4 sub-regional plans: Haida Gwaii, Northern Vancouver Island, North Coast, Central Coast • Coordinating a regional action framework 13
MaPP Governance Structure EXECUTIVE MANAGEMENT PLANNING AND PROCESS ADVISORY PROCESS MANAGEMENT • Science • Coordination • Regional • Sub-regional • Sub-regional teams 14
Haida Marine Work Group Formed by CHN in 2006: • Developed Haida Marine vision, ethics and values • Developed “Towards a Marine Use Plan for Haida Gwaii” (2007) Guided Haida Marine • Traditional Knowledge Study • Identified key marine issues and concerns • Identified ecologically and culturally important areas 15
Haida Marine Traditional Knowledge Study • 3 year study • 54 participants; ages 29 to 95 • 120 hours of audio and video recording; 300 maps • Covers 200 marine and maritime species • Public reports (3 volumes, 319 p) www.haidamarineplanning.com/resources 16
HMTK Study - Themes • Location of significant sites such as settlements, camps or cultural sites • Location of important Haida fishing and gathering sites • Identification of ecologically important areas • Observations of trends in marine species abundance and availability • Brief family and work history for each participant 17
Seasonal Round 18
Scope of Haida Gwaii Marine Plan (2015) Five key sections: • Vision, Ethics and Values, Future Scenario • General Management Direction • Economic Development Direction • Spatial Zoning • Plan Implementation, Monitoring and Amendment 19
Protection Management Zone 20
3. Marine Protection CHN-BC Protected Areas, Gwaii Haanas S G̱ aan K̲ inghlas – Bowie Seamount MPA Network Planning Process for the NSB 21
CHN-BC Protected Areas • Haida Gwaii Strategic Land Use Agreement in 2007 - Province of BC and CHN • 11 new protected areas are legislated under the Park Act • Management plans completed in 2011 • Marine boundaries legally established in 2012 • Forms basis for MPA network 22
Land Use Planning Outcomes • Over 50% of Haida Gwaii land base protected • Haida use and access permitted in all protected areas, except where conservation concerns are identified • 72% of the coastline of Haida Gwaii has some form of protection. • Commitment to EBM approach for marine and terrestrial management • Cooperative governance/ decision-making framework 23
Gwaii Haanas Haida Heritage Site - National Park Reserve - National Marine Conservation Area Reserve 1993 – Gwaii Haanas Agreement • January 2010 – Gwaii Haanas • Marine Agreement May 2010 – Gwaii Haanas • Marine Area Interim Management Plan completed June 2010 –National Marine • Conservation Area Reserve and Haida Heritage Site designated 2017 – AMB expect to complete • Integrated Land-Sea-People Plan 24
SGaan Kinghlas – Bowie Seamount MPA • 1997 – CHN designates SGaan Kinghlas as a protected area • 1998 – DFO identifies Seamount as MPA Area of Interest under the Oceans Act . • 2007 – DFO and CHN sign Memorandum of Understanding. Establishes CHN-DFO Management Board. • 2008 – Area designated as MPA under Oceans Act • 2017 - Management Board expects to complete management plan 25
MPA Network Planning for BC Northern Shelf • A PNCIMA priority • Informed by MaPP PMZs • Involves Canada, BC and 17 First Nations • Aims to meet CBD Aichi Target 11 (protect 10% of marine areas) • Objective to complete by 2020 26
MPA Network Process (cont.) • Governance structures not yet confirmed • New MPAs are one of five strategies to achieve federal Marine Conservation Targets 27
4. Lessons Learned 28
Comparison of Haida Gwaii Initiatives Gwaii Haanas Marine MPA Network Attribute CHN-BC PA PNCIMA SK-B PA MaPP Collaborative governance G2G agreements Other First Nations Mgmt Plan Completed 2017 2015 2017 ? 2012 2017 ? 2020 ? 6 + 5 + 10 + 2 + No. of Years 9 3 CHN PA Designation 29
Lessons Learned (Cont.) • High value in internal up-front First Nation preparation and planning • Strength in cooperative planning and alignment with adjacent First Nations • Collaborative agreements are important building blocks but take time and patience • Community designations have proven a useful tool 30
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