Final Presentation GREEN TEAM Summer School Alpbach 2008 – July 30, 2008
Table of Contents Table of Contents 1. Science Case Scientific Background � Mission Objectives � Why Sample Return � Scientific Competitivness � Mission Target Selection � 2. Mission Requirements 3. Mission Design 4. Management Aspects 5. Conclusion GREEN TEAM – SUMMER SCHOOL ALPBACH 2008 2
Solar System Formation I Solar System Formation I � Collapse of Solar Nebula � CAI Formation 4.566 ± 0.002 Gyr � Small Planetary Bodies accreted GREEN TEAM – SUMMER SCHOOL ALPBACH 2008 3
Solar System Formation II Solar System Formation II ≥ 50km � Ordinary Chondrites Mildthermal Metamorphism Material (~10 Myr) Alteration (petrolo Alteration (petrology) in gy) index: dex: 3 = lowest grade of thermal metamorphism 6 = highest grade of thermal metamorphism GREEN TEAM – SUMMER SCHOOL ALPBACH 2008 4
Solar System Formation III Solar System Formation III � Planetesimals differentiated Production of melted material (2-3 Myr) GREEN TEAM – SUMMER SCHOOL ALPBACH 2008 5
Early Solar System Timeline Early Solar System Timeline Differentiation CAIs Mars Earth Thermal Metamorphism (OC) 3 10 15 30 Time (Myr) GREEN TEAM – SUMMER SCHOOL ALPBACH 2008 6
Formation of Planets Formation of Planets � Runaway growth of planets Earth in 30-40 Myr � Planetesimals represent the building blocks of the planets Kleine et al. 2002 GREEN TEAM – SUMMER SCHOOL ALPBACH 2008 7
Missions to Asteroids Missions to Asteroids (4) Vesta, Dawn, 2012 NASA NASA (243) Ida, Galileo, 1993 (433) Eros, NEAR, 1998 NASA (9969) Braille, Deep Space 1, 1999 NASA (25143) Itokawa, Hayabusa,2005 SR SR NASA ESA (5535) Annefrank, Stardust, 2002 (2867) Steins, Rosetta, 2008 JAXA GREEN TEAM – SUMMER SCHOOL ALPBACH 2008 8
Main questions to be answered Main questions to be answered � What are the building blocks of the terrestrial planets? � What are the timescales and nature of differentiation in planetesimals? � How are the basaltic asteroids genetically linked to differentiated meteorites? � What is the formation history of the basaltic NEOs? � What is the composition and mineralogy of Q-type asteroids ? Are they linked to S-type? GREEN TEAM – SUMMER SCHOOL ALPBACH 2008 9
Meteorites Meteorites Ordinary Ordinary Chondrites Chondrites H, L, LL Differenti Differentiated ated HED Angrites Pallasites Mesosiderites GREEN TEAM – SUMMER SCHOOL ALPBACH 2008 10
Choice Choice of the Targets f the Targets Criteri Criteria Final Choi Final Choices ces � NEO � Sample Object: a V-type NEO � Accessibility (5604) 1992 FE � Taxonomic Type Rot. period: 6.026h � Physical Parameters � First Flyby: a Q-type NEO (152560) 1991 BN GREEN TEAM – SUMMER SCHOOL ALPBACH 2008 11
Differentiated Differentiated Meteorites eteorites Mars 0,3 17 Δ O 0,2 0,1 Moon TFL 0 Ibitira Angrites -0,1 Pallasites Eucrites -0,2 Diogenites Mesosiderites 3 4 5 6 18 δ O Asteroids: M , A, V Types Franchi et al. (2000), Wiechert et al. (2000,2004) and Greenwood et al. (2005, 2006) GREEN TEAM – SUMMER SCHOOL ALPBACH 2008 12
Mission Statements Mission Statements � Return a subsurface sample from a V-type NEO after characterising the body from orbit � Rendezvous with a fragment of a Q-type asteroid GREEN TEAM – SUMMER SCHOOL ALPBACH 2008 13
Why Why Sample ample Return? eturn? � Meteorite analysis is limited by lack of geological context � The detailed high precision and resolution measurements needed to answer many important questions cannot be performed in situ: � Radiometric dating � Imaging and petrology on the mm to nm scale � Trace element analysis � Isotopic analysis GREEN TEAM – SUMMER SCHOOL ALPBACH 2008 14
Key Key Analyses Analyses for for the he Sample Sample Kind of Kind of Informa Information ion Example Examples of T of Techniques echniques Why not in situ Why not in situ An Analyses alyses � Imaging (mm to nm) � Optical microscopy � Sample preparation � Mineralogy � Electron microscopy (chemical and � Chemical � Ion microprobe physical) Most are composition � XANES � high energy source destructive � Atomic structure � Laser-fluorination constraints � Radiometric dating mass-spectrometry � large magnetic � Oxygen isotopes � MC-ICP-MS sector geometries needed GREEN TEAM – SUMMER SCHOOL ALPBACH 2008 15
Scientific Competitiveness Scientific Competitiveness � First sampling mission to target a differentiated asteroid � Will visit a class (Q-type) of NEO that has not yet been visited by a space mission � How does it complement existing and planned missions? � Hayabusa and Marco Polo � primitive asteroids � Dawn � Vesta, Ceres but no sample return GREEN TEAM – SUMMER SCHOOL ALPBACH 2008 16
Scientific Payload Scientific Payload Instrument Instrument Mass (g) Mass (g) Power ower (W) (W) TRL TRL Da Data Rate ta Rate Herita Heritage Fr Frame ame C Camer mera 5000 12 9 0.9 Mb/s DAWN High Resol. Ca High Resol. Cam. m. 2400 6.5 4-9 100 kb/s Bepi Colombo Close Close Up Cam Up Cam 600 4 4-9 14 Mb/s Marco Polo 2 * Wide An 2 * Wide Angle Cam gle Cam 2 * 350 2 * 4 4-9 100 kb/s Marco Polo Laser Alt Laser Altimeter meter 4000 17 9 15 kb/s Hayabusa Visible + IR Spectr. Visible + IR Spectr. 9300 17.6 9 5 - 20 kb/s DAWN X Ra X Ray Spectr. y Spectr. 3000 18 9 7.5 kb/s SMART 1 Radio Science Radio Sci ence - - 8 - Mars Express 25000 g 83.1 W Σ GREEN TEAM – SUMMER SCHOOL ALPBACH 2008 17
Payload I Payload I GREEN TEAM – SUMMER SCHOOL ALPBACH 2008 18
Payload II Payload II GREEN TEAM – SUMMER SCHOOL ALPBACH 2008 19
Scientific Drivers I Scientific Drivers I 1. Return a subsurface sample from a V-type NEO that can be analysed by a number of high resolution and precision techniques on Earth 2. Provide geological context for the returned sample 3. Remote sensing of a Q-type NEO before sampling the target to understand the diversity of differentiated asteroidal material GREEN TEAM – SUMMER SCHOOL ALPBACH 2008 20
Scientific Drivers II Scientific Drivers II � From orbit � Imaging of surface features to 1m � Macroscale mineralogy and composition (to 20m resolution) � Size, shape, mass, density, gravity of asteroidal body � Sample site � Imaging of the sampling site (FOV ~ 1millirad) � Chemical composition and mineralogy (FOV <1millirad) � Sample of 150g and at least below 3cm GREEN TEAM – SUMMER SCHOOL ALPBACH 2008 21
Planetary Protection Planetary Protection Based on COSPAR Planetary Protection Policy Category II: impact probability (1) and contamination control measures. Category V Unrestricted Earth return GREEN TEAM – SUMMER SCHOOL ALPBACH 2008 22
Sample Return Container Sample Return Container � Scientific requirements: � no contamination by terrestrial material � no greater temperature ranges than sample experienced on parent body � No planetary protection requirements GREEN TEAM – SUMMER SCHOOL ALPBACH 2008 23
Table of Contents Table of Contents 1. Science Case 2. Mission Requirements 3. Mission Design Mission Scenario � Orbit and Trajectories � Launch Segment � Design of Space Segment � Ground Segment � Key Technology � 4. Management Aspects 5. Conclusion GREEN TEAM – SUMMER SCHOOL ALPBACH 2008 24
S/C Configuration Trade-Off I S/C Configuration Trade-Off I Case Case 3 3 Case 1 Case 1 Case 3 Case 3 Case 1 Case 2 Case 3 Points 3 -11 9 Case 2 Case 2 GREEN TEAM – SUMMER SCHOOL ALPBACH 2008 25
S/C Configuration Trade-Off II S/C Configuration Trade-Off II � Hexagonal shape Config. 1 � Solar panels configurations � Radiators configuration � Landing gears � Sampling strategy, sample mechanism Config. 2 GREEN TEAM – SUMMER SCHOOL ALPBACH 2008 26
Mission Scenario I Mission Scenario I GREEN TEAM – SUMMER SCHOOL ALPBACH 2008 27
Mission Scenario II Mission Scenario II GREEN TEAM – SUMMER SCHOOL ALPBACH 2008 28
Mission Scenario III Mission Scenario III GREEN TEAM – SUMMER SCHOOL ALPBACH 2008 29
Mission Scenario IV Mission Scenario IV GREEN TEAM – SUMMER SCHOOL ALPBACH 2008 30
Mission Scenario V Mission Scenario V GREEN TEAM – SUMMER SCHOOL ALPBACH 2008 31
Mission Scenario VI Mission Scenario VI GREEN TEAM – SUMMER SCHOOL ALPBACH 2008 32
Mission Scenario VII Mission Scenario VII GREEN TEAM – SUMMER SCHOOL ALPBACH 2008 33
Mission Scenario VIII Mission Scenario VIII GREEN TEAM – SUMMER SCHOOL ALPBACH 2008 34
Mission Scenario IX Mission Scenario IX GREEN TEAM – SUMMER SCHOOL ALPBACH 2008 35
Mission Scenario X Mission Scenario X GREEN TEAM – SUMMER SCHOOL ALPBACH 2008 36
Mission Scenario XI Mission Scenario XI GREEN TEAM – SUMMER SCHOOL ALPBACH 2008 37
Mission Scenario XII Mission Scenario XII GREEN TEAM – SUMMER SCHOOL ALPBACH 2008 38
Transfer Trajectories I Transfer Trajectories I GREEN TEAM – SUMMER SCHOOL ALPBACH 2008 39
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