Green Security How Can AI Help in Protecting Forests, Fish and Wildlife MILIND TAMBE Helen N. & Emmett H. Jones Professor in Engineering University of Southern California
WHAT MIGHT WE LOSE? Murchison Falls National Park, Uganda 2/23
WHAT MIGHT WE LOSE? Murchison Falls National Park, Uganda 3/23
PAWS: PROTECTION ASSISTANT for WILDLIFE SECURITY Massive forests (1000 sq miles) to protect, limited security resources : • How to Efficiently Patrol/Protect forests with limited resources • PAWS patrols : Exploit past poaching data, avoid predictability Patrol boat in Bangladesh � Patrol with Rangers, Indonesia � at Global Tiger Conference, 2014 � Trip with WWF, 2015 � 4/23
AI-based DECISION AIDS TO ASSIST IN SECURITY Game Theory Airports 2007 5/23
AI-based DECISION AIDS TO ASSIST IN SECURITY 6/23
AI-based DECISION AIDS TO ASSIST IN SECURITY Game Theory Airports Player B Player B � Paper � Rock � Scissors � 0, 0 � 1,-1 � Paper � -1,1 � 2007 -1, 1 0, 0 1, -1 Rock � Player A Player A � 1, -1 -1, 1 0, 0 Scissors � 7/23
AI-based DECISION AIDS TO ASSIST IN SECURITY Game Theory Airports Canine patrol at 2007 LAX � ( ARMOR ) � 8/23
AI-based DECISION AIDS TO ASSIST IN SECURITY Game Theory Airports Air Marshals Ports 2007 2009 2011 9/23
PROTECT: FERRY PROTECTION DEPLOYED [2013-] 10/23
AI-based DECISION AIDS TO ASSIST IN SECURITY Game Theory Airports Air Marshals Ports Trains 2007 2009 2011 2013 11/23
GLOBAL PRESENCE OF SECURITY USING GAME THEORY 12/23
SOME RESULTS OF GAME THEORY for SECURITY Game Theory in the Field 20 Ticketless Travelers Caught Game Theory 15 Previous Method 10 5 • Game theory vs Previous Method 0 #Captures per #Warnings per #Violations per 30 min 30 min 30 min Miscellaneous Arrests at LAX checkpoints 100 Drugs 80 Firearm Violations 60 40 20 0 13/23
GAME THEORY FOR PATROLS [2013] Congressional Subcommittee Hearing 14/23
PAWS: APPLYING AI FOR PROTECTING WILDLIFE Game Theory + Poacher Behavior Prediction Predicting Poaching from Past Crime Data Learn from crime data Game Theory calculate Poachers randomized attack targets patrols Patrollers execute patrols 15/23
POACHER BEHAVIOR PREDICTION Queen Elizabeth National Park, Uganda 12 years of patrols, 125000 observations Area habitat Ranger patrol frequency How likely is an attack on Animal density Area slope a grid Square Distance to … rivers / roads 16/23
PAWS INITIAL SYSTEM [2016] Game Theory + Poacher Behavior Prediction 12 years of patrols, 125000 observations Dry Season (June-August 2008) 17/23
PAWS PATROLS IN THE FIELD [2016] Trials in Uganda and Malaysia Important Lesson: Geography! Uganda Andrew Lemieux Malaysia Panthera 18/23
PAWS: PROTECTION ASSISTANT FOR WILDLIFE SECURITY [2016] Game Theory + Poacher Behavior Prediction + Forest Street Map 19/23
PAWS: PRELIMINARY EVALUATION Previous Patrol � PAWS Patrol � 0.86 � 0.57 � Human Activity Sign/km � 20/23
PAWS COLLABORATIONS 21/23
AI DECISION AIDS for PROTECTING FORESTS, FISHERIES, RIVERS Protecting Forests, Fish, Rivers FOREST PROTECTION FISHERY PROTECTION RIVER POLLUTION PREVENTION 22/23
AI and GAME THEORY WORLDWIDE FOR SOCIAL GOOD Thank you to sponsors: 23/23
THANK YOU tambe@usc.edu http://teamcore.usc.edu/security 24/64
EVALUATING DEPLOYED SECURITY SYSTEMS NOT EASY How Well Optimized Use of Limited Security Resources? Security Games superior vs Human Schedulers/”simple random” Field Evaluation: Field Evaluation: Lab Evaluation Patrol quality Tests against Unpredictable? Cover? adversaries Compare real schedule Simulated adversary “Mock attackers” Human subject Capture rates of Scheduling competition adversaries real adversaries Expert evaluation 25/64
FIELD EVALUATION OF SCHEDULE QUALITY Improved Patrol Unpredictability & Coverage for Less Effort Patrols Before PROTECT: Boston Patrols After PROTECT: Boston Base Patrol Area Count Count Day 1 Day 2 Day 3 Day 4 Day 5 Day 6 Day 7 Day 1 Day 2 Day 3 Day 4 Day 5 Day 6 Day 7 PROTECT (Coast Guard) : 350% increase in defender expected utility 26/64
EXPERT EVALUATION Example from ARMOR, IRIS AND PROTECT June 2013: Meritorious Team July 2011: Operational Excellence Commendation from Commandant Award (US Coast Guard, Boston) (US Coast Guard) September 2011: Certificate of February 2009: Commendations Appreciation (Federal Air Marshals) LAX Police (City of Los Angeles) 27/64
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