Green enho house use gas emission ons from m paddy dy rice e - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

Green enho house use gas emission ons from m paddy dy rice e in Chile le Country Report – Sara Hube and colleagues INIA-Chile July 13, 2016

Paddy rice role in world GHG emissions IPCC y FAOSTATS (2014)

Chilean GHG Inventory  National Inventory of Greenhouse Gas Sources and Sinks (Non-Annex I country) • Agriculture  Enteric fermentation (CH4): Level 1 y 2  Manure management (CH 4 , N 2 O): Level 1 y 2  Rice cultivation (CH 4 ): Level 1  Field burning agricultural residues (CH 4 , N 2 O, CO, NO X ): Level 1  Agricultural soils (N 2 O): Level 1

National GHG emissions Agriculture Sector 1990 2010 Total (Gg CO 2 eq) 10,710.2 13,825.6 Total contribution (%) 21 15 Increase over BL (%) 29% MMA (2014)

Paddy Rice contribution in Chile Sector Contribution (%) 1 12 53 34 Agricultural soils Enteric Fermentation Residues management Rice & burnings MMA (2014)

Paddy Rice contribution in Chile 137.9 -24.7 % 103.8 MMA (2014)

Harvested area (ha) Yield (t ha -1 ) 10000 15000 20000 25000 30000 35000 40000 45000 50000 5000 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 0 1971 1970 1972 1971 1973 1972 1974 1973 1975 1974 1976 1975 1977 Paddy Rice production in 1976 1978 1977 1979 1978 1980 1979 1981 1980 1982 1981 1983 1982 1984 1983 1985 1984 1986 1985 1987 1986 1987 1988 1988 1989 1989 1990 Chile 1990 1991 Year 1991 Year 1992 1992 1993 1993 1994 1994 1995 1995 1996 1996 1997 1997 1998 1998 1999 1999 2000 2000 2001 2001 2002 2002 2003 2003 2004 2004 FAOSTAT (2016) 2005 2005 2006 2006 2007 2007 2008 2008 2009 2009 2010 2010 2011 2011 2012 2012 2013 2013 2014 2014

Paddy Rice production in Chile Regional area distribution (%) Yield per region (t ha -1 ) Flooded fields 1,546 farmers in 21,754.9 ha One crop per year (October – March) Average annual yield 5.069 t ha -1 Heavy clay soils, poor drainage Organic Mater 1.6 – 3.5% pH 5.5 – 6.5 All seed used in Chile has been generated by INIA, mainly for boiled rice and lately for sushi INN (2007)

Paddy Rice crop managament • Rotation • Rice-rice-rice • Rice- natural grassland-rice • Rice- natural grassland- NG-Rice • Seeding system • Conventional: seed pre-germinated, 5cm of water film, broadcast, 140-160 Kg ha -1. • Direct Seeded: grain drill, later flooded • Soil preparation – Chemical fallow – Straw incorporation • Seeding time – October

Paddy Rice crop managament • Varietes • Zafiro-INIA, Brillante-INIA, Cuarzo-INIA • Fertilization – Nitrogen • Dose: 90-100 Kg de N ha -1 • seeding, tillering, booting – Phosphorus • Dose: 60 kg P 2 0 5 ha -1 • At seeding – Potassium • Dose: 90 Kg de K 2 0 ha -1 • At seeding • Harvest time – March-april

GHG measurements in paddy rice fields 2013 2014 - 2015 • Parral, Región del Maule • Parral, Región del Maule • 14,000 ha • 14,000 ha • 60 % national production • 60 % national production • Research Focus: • Research Focus: Methodology implementation Determine CH 4 y N 2 O emissions for CH 4 emissions from a paddy for usual management practices rice soil

GHG measurements in paddy rice fields (Methodology) • Static Chamber 60 x30 cm • Plots 3 x 3 m • 4 replicates per treatment • Flooded during all season • 3 deployment times (0, 20, 40 min) • Variable sampling frequency according to managements • Analysis by gas chromatography, Perkin Elmer Modelo Clarus 600 • Results were analyzed by ANOVA

GHG measurements in paddy rice fields (treatments) 2013 2014 2015 kg N ha -1 kg N ha -1 kg N ha -1 92 0 0 184 92 92 0 + Straw 0 + Straw 92 + Straw 92 + Straw

CH 4 emissions - 2013 season Flux of CH 4 emissions The emission peak was during the flowering period, with no difference between treatments (P>0.05) Cumulative CH4 emissions No significant differences among N treatments (P>0.05)

CH 4 emissions - 2014 season 92 Kg N/ha +straw 0 Kg N/ha + straw 400.0 92 Kg N/ha 0 Kg N/ha Cumulative emissions, kg CH 4 350.0 Flux, mg CH 4 m -2 d -1 700 300.0 600 500 250.0 400 200.0 ha -1 300 150.0 200 100 100.0 0 -100 50.0 0 20 40 60 80 100 120 140 160 180 0.0 day Treatment 50.0 14.0 45.0 Emission intensity, kg CH 4 t -1 12.0 40.0 35.0 10.0 Yield, t ha -1 30.0 8.0 25.0 6.0 20.0 15.0 4.0 10.0 2.0 5.0 0.0 0.0 Treatment Treatment P>0.05

CH 4 emission – 2015 season 92 Kg N/ha +straw 0 Kg N/ha + straw 400 Cumulative emission kg 92 Kg N/ha 0 Kg N/ha 350 300 Flux mg CH 4 m -2 día -1 700 CH4 ha -1 600 250 500 200 400 300 150 200 100 100 50 0 -100 0 0 20 40 60 80 100 120 Treatment day 50 14 Emission intensity, kg CH 4 45 12 40 35 10 Yield t ha -1 30 8 ton -1 25 6 20 15 4 10 2 5 0 0 Treatment Treatment P>0.05 P<0.05

Overall CH 4 emissions 400 92 Kg N/ha +straw 0 Kg N/ha + straw 350 92 Kg N/ha 0 Kg N/ha flux kg CH 4 ha -1 300 250 200 150 100 50 0 P>0.05 Treatment 50 Emission intensity, kg CH 4 ton - 14 45 12 40 35 10 Yield t ha -1 30 8 25 1 6 20 15 4 10 2 5 0 0 Treatment Treatment

Overall N 2 O Emissions 46 Kg N/ha +straw 0 Kg N/ha + straw 46 Kg N/ha 0 Kg N/ha 6 Flux mg N 2 O-N m -2 día -1 4 2 -1 0 20 40 60 80 100 120 140 160 180 day P>0.05 1.6 Cumulative emission, kg N 2 O-N 0.3 Emission intensity, kg N 2 O-N t -1 46 Kg N/ha +straw 0 Kg N/ha + straw 46 Kg N/ha +straw 0 Kg N/ha + straw 1.2 0.2 ha -1 0.8 0.1 0.4 0.0 0.0 Treatment Treatment

Informative activities &matirials

Thank you for your attention sara.hube@inia.cl; mparedes@inia.cl; malfaro@inia.cl