Going and Coming: Survival and Timing of PIT-Tagged Juvenile and Adult Salmonids in the Columbia River Estuary Matthew Morris 1 , Dick Ledgerwood 2 , Robert Magie 1 , Paul Bentley 2 , and Benjamin Sandford 2 1 Ocean Associates, Inc. Point Adams Biological Field Station, Hammond, OR 2 NOAA Fisheries Northwest Fisheries Science Center, Seattle, WA
Background • 1995: Estuarine detection of PIT-tagged juvenile salmonids begins – Purpose: Document timing of transported juvenile salmonids just prior to ocean entry • 1998: Sampling expanded – Purpose: Include timing of inriver migrants and complete hydrosystem reach survival estimates to Bonneville Dam • 2011: Estuarine PIT detection of returning adult salmonids begins – Purpose: Document timing and estimate survival upstream to Bonneville Dam
Outline • Highlight 15 years of juvenile detection data (trawl) • Highlight 4 years of adult detection data (pile dike)
Detecting Outmigrating Juvenile Salmonids with a Trawl Bonneville Dam (RKM 234) 90 m Trawl (~RKM 75) Barge Release 122 m (~RKM 225) Matrix Antenna 3 m 2.6 m
Survival of Juvenile Yearling Chinook and Steelhead, McNary to Bonneville Dam Yearling Chinook 100 80 60 40 Source 20 Survival (%) Snake River 0 Steelhead Upper- 100 Columbia River 80 60 40 20 0 2004 2006 2008 2010 2012 2014 2000 2002
Diel Behavior of Juvenile Yearling Chinook and Steelhead, 2003-2014 Yearling Chinook Steelhead Sample mean: n = 111,475 n = 66,256 13 h/d 35 30 25 Detections (n h-1) 20 15 10 5 0 0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20 22 Detection Hour
Travel Time (d) of Juvenile Yearling Chinook and Steelhead Detection at Lower Granite Detection at Bonneville Release from transportation Dam (rkm 695) Dam (rkm 234) barge (rkm 225) Yearling Chinook Yearling Chinook Yearling Chinook salmon Steelhead salmon Steelhead salmon Steelhead Flow 2000 17.4 17.1 1.7 1.7 1.9 1.6 7,415 2001 32.9 30.1 2.3 2.5 2.9 2.3 3,877 2002 18.2 17.8 1.8 1.7 2 1.6 8,071 2003 17.0 16.5 1.8 1.7 2.1 1.7 7,120 2004 16.6 16.6 1.9 2 2.2 1.9 6,663 2005 17.3 16.9 1.8 2 2.2 1.9 5,776 2006 14.7 12.5 1.7 1.6 2.1 1.6 9,435 2007 15.7 15.6 1.7 1.7 2.2 1.7 6,858 2008 18.3 14.4 1.7 1.6 2.1 1.6 8,714 2009 18.7 15.4 1.7 1.7 2.1 1.6 7,871 2010 16.1 14.8 2.0 1.9 2.2 2.0 6,829 2011a 17.8 15.5 1.8 1.6 2.1 1.6 7,911 2011b 13.2 10.0 1.5 1.3 1.6 1.5 13,462 2012 15.4 11.2 1.6 1.5 2.0 1.5 10,056 2013 14.1 11.6 1.6 1.6 2.2 1.6 7,470 2014 16.4 12.3 1.6 1.6 2.1 1.5 8,281 16.5 14.5 1.7 1.7 2.1 1.6 7,671 *Mean *Excludes 2001
Detection Rates by Migration History Yearling Chinook Steelhead Yearling Chinook Salmon, 2014 2000 inriver barged n = 1,546 5 10,000 2001 inriver inriver 2002 ND variable 8,000 4 Detection Rate (%) Total Released (n) 2003 variable variable 3 6,000 2004 variable barged 2 4,000 2005 ND ND 2,000 1 2006 inriver ND 0 0 2007 ND inriver Barge Release In-river Release Barge % 2008 variable inriver In-river Regr In-river % Barged Regr 2009 inriver ND Steelhead, 2014 2010 inriver inriver n = 2,266 8 6,000 2011 inriver ND 2012 inriver barged Total Released (n) Detection Rate (%) 6 4,500 2013 inriver variable 4 3,000 2014 ND barged Inriver 8 4 1,500 2 Barged 0 4 Variable 3 3 0 0 26 May 5 Jun No Difference 4 4 26 Apr 6 May 16 May
Juvenile Salmonid Highlights • Trawl detections of yearling Chinook peaked at dawn and dusk, steelhead late morning • Travel time – Steelhead travelled faster than yearling Chinook from Lower Granite Dam, same speed from Bonneville Dam – Inriver-migrating yearling Chinook travelled faster than barged, no difference for steelhead • Detection rates of yearling Chinook were always higher for inriver migrants if a difference was present, no apparent trend for steelhead
Detecting Returning Adult Salmonids Using Antennas Mounted on a Pile Dike Bonneville Dam 90 m (RKM 234) Pile Dike Array (RKM 70) 122 m Matrix Antenna
Survival of Adult Salmonids, PD7 to Bonneville Dam (RKM 70-234) 2012 2013 2014 2015 100 80 Survival (%, +/- SE) 60 40 Fall Migration Fall Migration 20 0 68 16 22 24 101 49 12 17 54 36 19 0 12 15 25 3 22 28 25 1 2 0 Spring Chin Summer Chin Fall Chin Coho Steelhead Sockeye As of 7/27/2015
Travel Time of Chinook Salmon, PD7 to Bonneville Dam (RKM 70 to 234) 2012 2013 2014 2015 Run 30 Spring Fall Summer 2012-2015 25 means: Travel Time (days) 20 Spring 8.6 d 15 Summer 3.8 d 10 Fall 3.7 d 5 0 17-Mar 6-May 25-Jun 14-Aug 3-Oct Detection Date at PD7 As of 7/27/2015
Travel Time of Steelhead and Sockeye Salmon, PD7 to Bonneville Dam (RKM 70 to 234) Steelhead 2012 2013 2014 2015 30 25 2012-2015 20 mean: 5.5 d 15 10 Travel Time (days) 5 0 12-Mar 1-May 20-Jun 9-Aug 28-Sep Sockeye 30 25 2013-2015 20 mean: 3.9 d 15 10 5 0 10-Jun 15-Jun 20-Jun 25-Jun 30-Jun 5-Jul 10-Jul Detection Date at PD7 As of 7/27/2015
Adult Salmonid Highlights • Survival from PD7 to Bonneville Dam was lower in 2015 for Spring Chinook and Sockeye • Travel time – Earlier migrating Spring Chinook took longer to get to Bonneville Dam than later migrants – Spring Chinook travelled significantly slower than summer and fall Chinook – Steelhead travelled significantly slower than every species/run except Spring Chinook – Sockeye travelled slower in 2015 than in the previous two years • Migration period for Sockeye was only ~3 weeks
Acknowledgements BPA • – Barbara Shields, John Piccininni, and Scott Bettin. USACE • – Brad Eppard. NOAA • – Bruce Jonasson, Gabriel Brooks, Sandy Downing, Kurt Fresh, Richie Graves, Gary Fredricks, Kinsey Frick, Rich Zabel, and Blane Bellerud. PSMFC • – Randy Fisher, Russell Porter, and Rick Martinson. OAI • – Lindsey Webb, Alex Borsky, Kaya Johnson, Terry Roe, Brian Kelly, Day’e Hix, Joe Aga, Juleen Savarese, Mike Laurs, Peter Milone, and all of our seasonal boat operators, deckhands, and biologists.
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