Generator Performance Guideline Public Forum 8 April 2019
Safety briefing
Contents • Overview • Generator Performance Guideline • The Performance Criteria • Next steps 3
Overview
The system is evolving rapidly Traditional Electricity System Evolved Electricity System • New technologies underpinning the changing electricity supply are providing customer choice, reducing carbon emissions and providing low cost supply of energy. However, they are also creating operational challenges for a system and market designed for a traditional one-way flow of energy. • Synchronous generation that has historically provided most of the services required to keep the system secure and reliable (either as required by standards, a paid service, or inherently as a by-product of energy production) is making way for low cost, zero emission, renewable generation. • Distributed, non-synchronous resources are technically able to provide most (and potentially in the future all) of the essential services. 5 • However the standards and market arrangements need to incentivise this capability, and also provide new revenue streams to existing generators. 5
And presenting new challenges • Increasing penetration of DER and large-scale renewables is 2500 resulting in reduced inertia, voltage control capability and 2000 system strength from remaining System load (MW) synchronous generators; and 1500 Market inefficiencies increasing variability. • 1000 It will be necessary to intervene in the market to ensure required System security at risk 500 levels of system security are maintained. 0 • Critical that all power system 00:00:00 03:00:00 06:00:00 09:00:00 12:00:00 15:00:00 18:00:00 21:00:00 00:00:00 Time of day resources are able to support the 28/10/2018 2020 2022 2024 2026 2028 6 system. 6
The need for an interim guideline • Energy landscape in Western Australia is transforming rapidly • Current Technical Rules no longer fit for purpose • Collaborative approach is required • Visibility for generators currently in the connections pipeline 7 7
The journey so far • WP and AEMO did an initial review of what was required to be changed. • There was an initial engagement with generators who were actively progressing their projects and feedback requested from them. • Based on the initial review as well as the finalisation of the NER requirements, WP engaged a consultant to develop more details around the requirements, together with AEMO. • The guideline was shared with the generators likely to be connecting in the near future and feedback again requested from them and their EPC contractors. 8 8
Generator Performance Guideline
What is included? The following areas of performance are included: • Reactive power capability and control • Active power control • System strength • Frequency control • Disturbance ride-through • Generator protection • Models 10 10
Levels of compliance • Aim is to facilitate a move away from TR derogations • Generators advised to target ideal standard to ensure future compliance • Ideal compliance provides automatic access • Compliance between ideal and minimum standard requires justification from the generator • Tripartite negotiation with WP/AEMO and Generator • Capability below the minimum standard will prevent network access 11
Grandfathering? • Guideline was developed to target future generation connections. • Existing generators must continue to perform to the standards agreed at the time of their connection • Existing generators may be required to comply when facilities undergo an 12 12 upgrade or modification
Will the Technical Rules be updated? • Review stakeholder feedback and update the Guideline • Approach to rule changes will be determined in consultation with the wider Electricity Sector Reform Initiatives • We will provide advice to industry on timing and approach as soon as possible 13
The Performance Criteria
The approach • Facilitate the introduction of compliance levels • Common requirements for all technologies (where possible) • Alignment with the NER and International best practice • Standards tuned to the needs of the SWIS 15 15
Technical Rules Current Requirements - Reactive power capability • Varying requirements based on technology • No flexibility when considering network requirements • Based on historic generation portfolio and consumer behaviour • Derogations have previously been required • Not aligned with the NER and international best practice 16
Technical Rules Current Requirements - Reactive power capability Synchronous Generation Induction Generation Inverter Generation Please note: Figures are from the Technical Rules 17
Proposed Generator Performance - Reactive power capability Ideal Standard Minimum Standard 18
Reactive power capability Current technical rules comparison NER comparison Ideal standard developed considering the Minimum standard is greater than NER minimum. performance requirements specified in clause The size and isolated nature of the SWIS means we 3.3.3.1 of the Technical Rules with some have a greater requirement for generation of adjustments made to adopt a performance reactive power. requirement which is appropriate for all generation technologies. The minimum allows non-scheduled generating systems to achieve the reactive power capability by reducing the active power output when the ambient temperature exceeds 25 o C. What are the main changes? • Consistent requirements for all generation types • Minimum standard based on current derogations 19
Reactive power control Current technical rules comparison NER comparison The ideal will provide a similar level of performance We have adopted NER automatic as the ideal to the current TR, but offers the ability for a wider standard set of control modes We have adopted NER minimum as the minimum The ideal standard requires generators to have the standard ability to regulate voltage, reactive power and power factor and switch between modes as required. Control modes nominated by Western Power and AEMO. What are the main changes? • Introduction of a wider set of control modes 20 • NER standards adopted but they are aligned with TR clause 3.3.4.5
Active power control Current technical rules comparison NER comparison The ideal standard retains the ramp rate provisions NER aligned. specified in clause 3.3.3.5 of the Technical Rules. Embeds requirement for capability of control through AGC. Requirements apply to all new large generators subject to energy source availability. What are the main changes? • Adoption of the NER approach (supports move to security constrained economic dispatch) • TR 3.3.3.5 ramp rates retained for ideal standard to reflect requirements of isolated system • Better definition of the performance requirements 21
System strength Current technical rules comparison NER comparison System strength is not currently covered by TR. We will adopt the assessment method set out in the AEMO System Strength Impact Assessment guideline Generators undertake a preliminary assessment of providing alignment with Eastern States. system strength using the Minimum Short Circuit Ratio (MSCR) method described in the AEMO https://www.aemo.com.au/Electricity/National- guideline. If this indicates there is insufficient Electricity-Market-NEM/Security-and- Available Fault Level (AFL) to accommodate the new reliability/System-Strength-Impact-Assessment- generator connection then this would trigger the Guidelines need for Western Power to carry out a detailed assessment using an Electro-Magnetic Transient (EMT) model of the generator. What are the main changes? • Generators need to consider system strength when making an application • System strength <3 an Electro-Magnetic Transient (EMT) model will be required by Western Power to assess 22 compliance
Frequency control Current technical rules comparison NER comparison The ideal standard reflects the current TR for NER has a market to provide ancillary services and scheduled generation and applies that level of does not align with the WEM approach. performance for all generating units. Minimum requirement for non-scheduled generation is subject to energy source availability. What are the main changes? • None – TR requirements maintained. 23
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