GLOBAL ENVIRONMENT FACILITY GEF Focal Areas, Priorities, Eligibility Criteria and Project Formulation Presentation at UN/CSD-14 Side Event 09 May 2006, New York by Frank Pinto GEF Executive Coordinator, UNDP
Contents � GEF Operational Framework � Highlights of GEF Approvals by Focal Area � Biological Diversity � BD Case Study: Tanzania: Jozani-Chwaka Bay, Zanzibar � Climate Change � CC Case Study: Brazil: Biomass Power from Bagasse and Trash � Adaptation to Climate Change � International Waters � IW Case Study: East Asia Seas: PEMSEA � POPS � Land Degradation � LD Project Examples in Namibia and Patagonia (Argentina) � NCSAs � Incremental Costs � Basic Project Cycle � Types of Project Funding � GEF-4 Resource Allocation Framework � National Dialogue Initiative and Country Support Programme
GEF Operational Framework GEF Assembly GEF Council GEF Secretariat STAP 7 Executing UNDP UNEP World Bank Agencies Projects
GEF “Implementing Agencies”: Your Partners to Help Develop and Implement Projects UNDP UNEP World Bank UNDP UNEP World Bank UNDP UNEP World Bank technical global/ assistance / regional investment capacity and trans- projects building boundary projects projects, support STAP
The Global Environmental Focal Areas of the GEF � Biodiversity � Climate Change � International Waters � Ozone Depletion (only countries in transition) � Land Degradation � Persistent Organic Pollutants – POPs � Cross-cutting area of Adaptation
GEF and the Global Environmental Conventions The GEF is the designated “financial mechanism” for the � � Convention on Biological Diversity (CBD) � Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC) � POPs Convention The GEF is a one of two designated mechanisms for the � � Convention to Combat Desertification (UNCCD) The GEF collaborates closely with other treaties and � agreements to reach common goals (International Waters, Montreal Protocol)
GEF TOTAL GRANT APPROVALS ($ millions) $157 $156 $181 Biodiversity $516 Climate Change $2,200 International Waters $858 Multi-focal Area Ozone POPs Land Degradation $2,055 Total GEF $6,126.72 Total Co-Financing $20,225.00 TOTAL $26,351.72
UNDP-GEF Portfolio Highlights • 1,000 large and medium-size projects in 140 countries • Over 6,500 community-based projects in 93 countries (SGP) • $2.16 billion received in core grants • $3.0 billion raised in co-financing • Focal Areas: • BD: $768 million in grants, $959 million in co-financing, 130 countries, 108 new protected areas • CC: $644 million in grants, $950 million in co-financing, 120 countries, potential CO2 reduction of 123-196 million tonnes • IW: $309 million in grants, $1 billion in co-financing, 103 participating countries in 15 lake/river basins, 11 large marine ecosystems, and 5 global projects • LD: $118 million in grants, $252 million in co-financing, 87 participating countries including 47 in the Global LDC/SIDS LD Umbrella Programme • POPS: $32 million programme covering 25 countries • Ozone Layer Protection: in CIS countries
UNDP-GEF Grant Mobilization UNDP/GEF Focal Area Shares (includes anticipated June 06 WP and outstanding MSP approvals) Climate Change, 30% Biodiversity, 35% Int'l Waters, 14% OP-12, 1% SGP, 11% Ozone, 1% POP, 2% MFA, 2% Land Degradation, 4%
Biological Diversity Biodiversity’ refers to the different life forms on earth -- � species of plants and animals --, their genetic variations, and the complex ecological interactions among them. Biodiversity is under threat largely from human-induced � pressures. Threats to Biodiversity include: Changes in land use patterns � Land degradation � Non-sustainable use of biodiversity � Alien Species introductions � Pollution �
GEF Strategic Priorities BIODIVERSITY � Catalyze sustainability of protected areas � innovative financing � capacity building for sustainability � catalysing community/private sector linkages � Mainstream biodiversity in production landscapes and sectors � facilitate mainstreaming - policy/remove barriers � develop market incentives - measure/demonstrate � Build capacity for the Implementation of the Cartagena Protocol on Biosafety � Generate and disseminate good practices for biodiversity conservation and protection
Tanzania: Development of Jozani-Chwaka Bay National Park, Zanzibar Island Country: United Republic of Tanzania � GEF Implementing Agency: UNDP � Government Counterpart: Dept. for Commercial Crops, � Fruits and Forests (DCCFF) Executing Agency: Care International � Focal Area: Biodiversity � Operational Program No. 3 – Forest Ecosystems � Project type: Medium Sized Project (MSP) � Budget: $747,500 (GEF); Co-financing: $430,050 � Duration: 3 years � Current status: Project completed �
Jozani-Chwaka Bay: Project Context Home to the Red Colobus Monkey and the Ader’s Duiker � Flora: Swamp forest, coral rag forest, salt marsh, � mangrove and sea grass beds. Aim of the project: Conserve globally significant � biodiversity and support community development In the Jozani-Chwaka Bay areas (Enhance the income and environmental security of 5000 households while biodiversity flourishes). To test the hypothesis of establishing linkages between � the global environmental benefit and achieving local benefits.
Jozani-Chwaka Bay: Project Context The main objective has been to upgrade the status of the � Jozani-Chwaka Bay to a gazetted national park and to promote community involvement in the conservation and management of the area. It was recognized early on that gazetting the bay area as a � National Park is a delicate process. Surrounding villages and communities are dependent on the forest area for fuel wood, medicinal plants, ukili (indigenous grass) and agricultural land. Thus the project provides surrounding villages and � communities with alternative means to enhance their income and environmental security by training them in alternative income generating activities and setting up Savings and Credit Schemes.
Jozani-Chwaka Bay: Key successes The area has been gazetted as a National Park with the � agreement and participation of the Communities in boundary setting, zoning and decision-making. Resource Use Management Agreements (RUMAs) with � communities have been set up and are effective in addressing key threats to biodiversity Committees (VCCs) are representative, and active and � articulate in addressing local concerns. 19 Saving and Credit schemes are operating with high level of � local involvement, including 2/3 participation of women. These schemes support sustainable small scale enterprises (e.g. mushroom plantations, beekeeping etc.) Number of sightings of the Red Colobus monkey have � increased over a larger area, resulting in more visitors. Increased revenues from visitors have contributed to local health and education programs. Village level institutions are functional.
Jozani-Chwaka Bay: Issues for sustainability Tourism has increased but some villagers do not see the linkage � between not killing the Red Colobus monkeys and being better off. Better understanding of the linkage between global biodiversity benefits and local benefits is needed in order to convince people. Fuelwood collection remains the greatest threat. Gazettement will � help in controlling fuelwood extraction but as long as demand keeps increasing from urban areas this will remain a lucrative enterprise for local people. Policies and programs are needed to address energy demand and provide alternatives to fuelwood. Institutional sustainability at the local level: While VCCs and � Saving schemes are likely to survive, JECA as the main institution managing the project may phase out and may leave a vacuum in coordinating between villages. The Govt. is aware of this and will step in if needed.
Climate change has significant implications for developing countries Changes in timing and frequency of precipitation, � extreme weather events Impact on coastal areas � Risk for agricultural sector � Health risks �
UN Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC) � Requires developing country states (non-Annex I Countries) to prepare National Reports on their: � greenhouse gas emissions � national climate policies � vulnerability to climate change � Financial Mechanism � GEF is the financial mechanism of the Convention and provides funding for preparation of these reports � The Convention is also the source of guidance for GEF funding of climate projects.
Climate Change Convention and Kyoto Protocol � The Kyoto Protocol (1997) sets greenhouse gas (GHG) emission reduction targets for industrialized countries and defines flexible instruments, emission credit trading, joint implementation, and the Clean Development Mechanism (CDM) � The Kyoto Protocol came into effect on 16 Feb. 2005 with the ratification by Russia. However, with the US and Australia not having ratified, some are looking ahead to measures that will be needed after 2012 to address the ever-growing problem of climate change.
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