Ge Gender ered ed J Justice: ce: D Drivers o of Nevadas Femal - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

Ge Gender ered ed J Justice: ce: D Drivers o of Nevada’s Femal ale P Prison P Population G Growth March 9th, 2019

Outline • Introduction • Nevada in the National Context • Trends in Nevada’s Data • Projected Growth and Impacts 2

Introductions • The Crime and Justice Institute (CJI) at CRJ works with local, state and national criminal justice organizations to develop approaches that work to reduce recidivism, cut costs, and promote public safety throughout the country. • CJI provides nonpartisan policy analysis and technical assistance, research and program evaluation, and educational activities to states, agencies, and departments throughout the country. 3

CJI-Pew Justice Reinvestment Collaboration ME WA MT ND MN OR NY WI SD ID MI WY PA IA NE VT OH IN NV IL NH WV UT VA CO MA MO CA KS KY RI NC TN CT OK SC AR AZ NM NJ GA AL MS DE LA MD TX DC FL AK 2018–2019 Active States HI Prior JRI Reforms 4

JRI Phase I • Process: • Data and system analysis • Policy development • Legislative process 5

JRI Phase II • Process: • Implement policies • Measure outcomes • Reinvest savings 6

Data Findings

After Decades of Growth, Nevada Prison Population Continues to Climb Nevada Prison Population, 1978-2016 16,000 13,757 14,000 12,000 10,000 8,000 6,000 4,000 1,350 2,000 0 1978 1979 1980 1981 1982 1983 1984 1985 1986 1987 1988 1989 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 Source: Department of Justice, Bureau of Justice Statistics 8

Nevada’s Female Prison Population Increased By Over 1500% Nevada Female Prison Population, 1978-2016 1,400 1,267 1,200 1,000 800 600 400 200 76 0 9

Nevada’s Female Imprisonment Rate is 43% Higher Than the National Average and Growing Nevada Female Imprisonment Rate, 1978-2016 100 86 90 80 Rate Per 100,000 Residents 70 60 60 50 40 30 20 10 0 1978 1979 1980 1981 1982 1983 1984 1985 1986 1987 1988 1989 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 State Average Nevada Source: Department of Justice, Bureau of Justice Statistics, National 10 Prisoner Statistics 2016

Growth in Nevada’s Female Prison Population Far Outpaces National Trends Prison Population Growth in Nevada and U.S. State Institutions by Gender 35% 29% 30% 25% 20% 15% 10% 5% 5% 1% 0% Male Prison Population Female Prison Population -5% -6% -10% U.S. State Institutions (2009-2016) Nevada (2009-2017) Source: Department of Justice, Bureau of Justice Statistics. 11

African Americans Overrepresented in Female Prison Population Snapshot of Nevada Female Prison U.S. Census Bureau Estimate of Population by Race and Hispanic Nevada Female Population by Race Origin, 2017 and Hispanic Origin, 2017 Asian 3% American Indian Hispanic 2% 11% Hispanic 28% White 49% Black 24% White Asian 60% 10% Black 10% American Indian 3% 12

Average Age of Women in Prison is 37 Snapshot of Female Prison Population by Age Cohort, 2017 50% 45% 45% 38% 40% 35% 30% 25% 20% 15% 9% 10% 7% 5% 0% 18-24 25-34 35-54 55 and Over 13

More than Half of Female Admissions Present Mental Health Needs Female Prison Admissions by Mental Health Needs, 2017 With Mental Without Mental Health Needs Health Needs 52% 48% 14

Iron Law of Prison Population Growth Admissions + Time Served = NDOC Population 15

Female Prison Admissions Up 39% Over Last Decade Female Prison Admissions, 2008-2017 1,200 991 1,000 800 600 400 200 - 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 16

Female Admissions Growth Driven by Community Supervision Violations Female Prison Admissions by Admission Type, 2008 vs 2017 450 Probation Violator 400 Admissions Grew 49% 350 300 250 200 Parole Violator Admissions Grew 76% 150 100 50 0 New Prisoner Parole Violator Probation Violator Other 2008 2017 17

Recidivism Rates Have Grown for Female Offenders 36-Month Recidivism Rate by Gender for Cohorts Released, 2009 vs 2014 35% 29% 29% 30% 28% 25% 23% 20% 15% 10% 5% 0% Female Male 2009 2014 Source: NDOC Recidivism Analysis for 2009 and 2014 Release Cohorts. Rates released in April 2013 18 and February 2018. Recidivism rates by gender not published in 2008 release cohort analysis

Nearly 4 in 5 Female Admissions for Non-Person Crimes Female Prison Admissions by Person Offense, 2017 Person 21% Non-Person 79% 19

Significant Growth in Property and Drug Admissions Female Admissions by Offense Type, 2008 vs 2017 500 450 Property Admissions 400 Grew 34% 350 Drug Admissions 300 Grew 24% 250 200 150 100 50 0 Person Property Drug Other 2008 2017 20

Top 10 Offenses for Female Admissions Are Non-Person Percent Growth Offense 2017 From 2008 Burglary 67 1% Possession of a Controlled Substance, Schedule 1-4 1st Offense 64 14% Attempted Burglary 63 52% Trafficking of a Controlled Substance, Category B 40 29% Possession of a Controlled Substance For Sale, Schedule 1&2, 1st Offense 36 0% Attempted Possession Stolen Vehicle 30 43% Grand Larceny 30 40% Attempted Grand Larceny 27 15% DUI 27 -11% Possession Stolen Vehicle 27 11% 21

Over Half of Female Admissions Have No Prior Felony Conviction Female Prison Admissions by Prior Criminal History, 2017 3+ Priors 20% No Priors 1 to 2 Priors 55% 25% 22

Time Served Increased 24% for Female New Prisoners Mean Time Served in Prison and Jail by Female Offenders, 2012 vs 2017 25 22.6 20 18.2 16 14.2 15 Months 10 7.8 4.3 5 0 New Prisoners Probation Violators Parole Violators 2012 2017 23

Time Served Increased Across All Offense Types Mean Time Served in Prison and Jail by Female New Prisoners by Offense Type, 2012 vs 2017 40 34.2 35 Time Served for Time Served for 28.5 30 Property Offenses Drug Offenses 25.9 Grew 26% Grew 21% 25 Months 18.8 18.2 20 17.7 15.5 14 15 10 5 0 Person Property Drug Other 2012 2017 24

Min Sentences Are Up 16% and Max Sentences Are Up 12% Average Minimum Sentence for Average Maximum Sentence for Female New Prisoners, 2008 vs 2017 Female New Prisoners, 2008 vs 2017 25 70 64.8 22.5 58.1 60 19.4 20 50 15 40 Months Months 30 10 20 5 10 0 0 2008 2017 2008 2017 25

Iron Law of Prison Population Growth Admissions + Time Served = NDOC Population 26

Overview of Data Trends Female Prison Time served Admissions Population up 24% since up 39% since up 29% since 2008 2012 2009 27

Female Prison Population Projected to Grow 14% by 2028 Nevada's Actual and Projected Female Prison Population, 2009-2028 1,481 1600 1,297 1400 1200 1000 800 600 400 200 0 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021 2022 2023 2024 2025 2026 2027 2028 Observed Female Population Projected Female Population 28

Impact of Female Prison Population Growth • Every dollar spent on incarceration is money that could be used to fund drug treatment or behavioral health programs • The state’s only female institution is currently over capacity. The Department of Corrections will be forced to construct an additional wing of the prison, at a significant cost • The reliance on incarceration of women, especially where adequate treatment and counseling are not available, can compound these problems, create new trauma, and increase recidivism 29

Contact • Contact information Sam Packard Phone: 617-548-1138 Email: spackard@crj.org Maura McNamara Phone: 617-529-3654 Email: mmcnamara@crj.org 30

Disclaimer This project was supported by Grant No. 2015-ZB-BX-K002 awarded by the Bureau of Justice Assistance. The Bureau of Justice Assistance is a component of the Department of Justice’s Office of Justice Programs, which also includes the Bureau of Justice Statistics, the National Institute of Justice, the Office of Juvenile Justice and Delinquency Prevention, the Office for Victims of Crime, and the SMART Office. Points of view or opinions in this presentation are those of the author and do not necessarily represent the official position or policies of the U.S. Department of Justice. 31