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GB SQSS sub-group of OTEG Illustration of cost benefit analysis reasults 1 Network arrangement examples 33 kV 33 kV 33 kV Windfarm electrical system 132 kV 132 kV 132 kV 33 kV 132 kV/220kV 132 kV 400 kV 132kV/220 kV 400 kV Onshore

  1. GB SQSS sub-group of OTEG Illustration of cost benefit analysis reasults 1

  2. Network arrangement examples 33 kV 33 kV 33 kV Windfarm electrical system 132 kV 132 kV 132 kV 33 kV 132 kV/220kV 132 kV 400 kV 132kV/220 kV 400 kV Onshore network Onshore network 2

  3. Platform design: Number of transformers 1 SGT or 2 SGTs 3

  4. One, two or three transformers (MTTR 3 months) Test 1 Technology AC Voltage (kV) (All) Wind generation (MW) 400 MW 50 45 40 35 30 Cost (m£) 25 20 15 10 5 0 1 2 1 2 1 2 1 2 1 2 1 2 1 2 3 t. 3 t. 2 t. 3 t. 2 t. 2 t. 1 t. 120 MW t. 150 MW t. 180 MW t. 240 MW t. 300 MW t. 360 MW t. Data Platform & plant cost (m£) EEC cost (m£) Losses cost (m£) Mainenance cost (m£) Transformer rating (MW) Number of transformers Wind profile index 4

  5. One, two or three transformers (MTTR 4.5 months) Test 1 Technology AC Voltage (kV) (All) Wind generation (MW) 400 MW 50 45 40 35 30 Cost (m£) 25 20 15 10 5 0 1 2 1 2 1 2 1 2 1 2 1 2 1 2 3 t. 3 t. 2 t. 3 t. 2 t. 2 t. 1 t. 120 MW t. 150 MW t. 180 MW t. 240 MW t. 300 MW t. 360 MW t. Data Platform & plant cost (m£) EEC cost (m£) Losses cost (m£) Mainenance cost (m£) Transformer rating (MW) Number of transformers Wind profile index 5

  6. One, two or three transformers (MTTR 15.5 months) Test 1 Technology AC Voltage (kV) (All) Wind generation (MW) 400 MW 70 60 50 40 Cost (m£) 30 20 10 0 1 2 1 2 1 2 1 2 1 2 1 2 1 2 3 t. 3 t. 2 t. 3 t. 2 t. 2 t. 1 t. 120 MW t. 150 MW t. 180 MW t. 240 MW t. 300 MW t. 360 MW t. Data Platform & plant cost (m£) EEC cost (m£) Losses cost (m£) Mainenance cost (m£) Transformer rating (MW) Number of transformers Wind profile index 6

  7. Break-even MTTR for Transformers MTTR Energy cost (£/MWh) (months) Substation 50 75 100 solution 1x360 MW < 6.5 < 4.5 < 3.2 2x180 MW < 15.5 < 10.5 < 8 2x240 MW < 23.5 < 15.5 < 11.5 3x150 MW < 34 < 23 < 17.5 3x180 MW - - - 7

  8. Conclusion • For cost (value) of wind energy of £75/MWh and MTTR above 4.5 months (£100/MWh and 3.2 months), N-1 justified for AC solutions 8

  9. Cable system design: Number of cables 1 or 2 cables MTTR and cost of energy that favour N-1 over N-0 9

  10. N-1 versus N-0 (MTTR 2 months) Test 1 Technology AC Voltage (kV) 220 kV Wind generation (MW) 280 MW Transformer rating (MW) 135 MW t. Number of transformers 2 t. 160 140 120 100 Cost (m£) 80 60 40 20 0 1 2 1 2 1 2 1 2 1 2 1 2 1 2 1 2 1 c. 2 c. 1 c. 2 c. 1 c. 2 c. 1 c. 2 c. 278 MW 278 MW 274 MW 266 MW 500 mm² 500 mm² 500 mm² 500 mm² 25 km 50 km 75 km 100 km Data Platform & plant cost (m£) Cables cost (m£) MVArs cost (m£) EEC cost (m£) Losses cost (m£) Mainenance cost (m£) Cable length (km) Cable size (mm²) Cable capability (MW) Number of cables Wind profile index 10

  11. N-1 versus N-0 (MTTR 8.5 months) Test 1 Technology AC Voltage (kV) 220 kV Wind generation (MW) 280 MW Transformer rating (MW) 135 MW t. Number of transformers 2 t. 160 140 120 100 Cost (m£) 80 60 40 20 0 1 2 1 2 1 2 1 2 1 2 1 2 1 2 1 2 1 c. 2 c. 1 c. 2 c. 1 c. 2 c. 1 c. 2 c. 278 MW 278 MW 274 MW 266 MW 500 mm² 500 mm² 500 mm² 500 mm² 25 km 50 km 75 km 100 km Data Platform & plant cost (m£) Cables cost (m£) MVArs cost (m£) EEC cost (m£) Losses cost (m£) Mainenance cost (m£) Cable length (km) Cable size (mm²) Cable capability (MW) Number of cables Wind profile index 11

  12. N-1 versus N-0 (MTTR 9 months) Test 1 Technology AC Voltage (kV) 220 kV Wind generation (MW) 280 MW Transformer rating (MW) 135 MW t. Number of transformers 2 t. 160 140 120 100 Cost (m£) 80 60 40 20 0 1 2 1 2 1 2 1 2 1 2 1 2 1 2 1 2 1 c. 2 c. 1 c. 2 c. 1 c. 2 c. 1 c. 2 c. 278 MW 278 MW 274 MW 266 MW 500 mm² 500 mm² 500 mm² 500 mm² 25 km 50 km 75 km 100 km Data Platform & plant cost (m£) Cables cost (m£) MVArs cost (m£) EEC cost (m£) Losses cost (m£) Mainenance cost (m£) Cable length (km) Cable size (mm²) Cable capability (MW) Number of cables Wind profile index 12

  13. N-1 versus N-0 (MTTR 9.5 months) Test 1 Technology AC Voltage (kV) 220 kV Wind generation (MW) 280 MW Transformer rating (MW) 135 MW t. Number of transformers 2 t. 160 140 120 100 Cost (m£) 80 60 40 20 0 1 2 1 2 1 2 1 2 1 2 1 2 1 2 1 2 1 c. 2 c. 1 c. 2 c. 1 c. 2 c. 1 c. 2 c. 278 MW 278 MW 274 MW 266 MW 500 mm² 500 mm² 500 mm² 500 mm² 25 km 50 km 75 km 100 km Data Platform & plant cost (m£) Cables cost (m£) MVArs cost (m£) EEC cost (m£) Losses cost (m£) Mainenance cost (m£) Cable length (km) Cable size (mm²) Cable capability (MW) Number of cables Wind profile index 13

  14. N-1 v. N-0 (MTTR 10 months) Test 1 Technology AC Voltage (kV) 220 kV Wind generation (MW) 280 MW Transformer rating (MW) 135 MW t. Number of transformers 2 t. 180 160 140 120 Cost (m£) 100 80 60 40 20 0 1 2 1 2 1 2 1 2 1 2 1 2 1 2 1 2 1 c. 2 c. 1 c. 2 c. 1 c. 2 c. 1 c. 2 c. 278 MW 278 MW 274 MW 266 MW 500 mm² 500 mm² 500 mm² 500 mm² 25 km 50 km 75 km 100 km Data Platform & plant cost (m£) Cables cost (m£) MVArs cost (m£) EEC cost (m£) Losses cost (m£) Mainenance cost (m£) Cable length (km) Cable size (mm²) Cable capability (MW) Number of cables Wind profile index 14

  15. N-1 versus N-0 (energy cost 230£/MWh) Test 1 Technology AC Voltage (kV) 220 kV Wind generation (MW) 280 MW Transformer rating (MW) 135 MW t. Number of transformers 2 t. 200 180 160 140 120 Cost (m£) 100 80 60 40 20 0 1 2 1 2 1 2 1 2 1 2 1 2 1 2 1 2 1 c. 2 c. 1 c. 2 c. 1 c. 2 c. 1 c. 2 c. 278 MW 278 MW 274 MW 266 MW 500 mm² 500 mm² 500 mm² 500 mm² 25 km 50 km 75 km 100 km Data Platform & plant cost (m£) Cables cost (m£) MVArs cost (m£) EEC cost (m£) Losses cost (m£) Mainenance cost (m£) Cable length (km) Cable size (mm²) Cable capability (MW) Number of cables Wind profile index 15

  16. N-1 versus N-0 (energy cost 240£/MWh) Test 1 Technology AC Voltage (kV) 220 kV Wind generation (MW) 280 MW Transformer rating (MW) 135 MW t. Number of transformers 2 t. 200 180 160 140 Cost (m£) 120 100 80 60 40 20 0 1 2 1 2 1 2 1 2 1 2 1 2 1 2 1 2 1 c. 2 c. 1 c. 2 c. 1 c. 2 c. 1 c. 2 c. 278 MW 278 MW 274 MW 266 MW 500 mm² 500 mm² 500 mm² 500 mm² 25 km 50 km 75 km 100 km Data Platform & plant cost (m£) Cables cost (m£) MVArs cost (m£) EEC cost (m£) Losses cost (m£) Mainenance cost (m£) Cable length (km) Cable size (mm²) Cable capability (MW) Number of cables Wind profile index 16

  17. N-1 versus N-0 (energy cost 250£/MWh) Test 1 Technology AC Voltage (kV) 220 kV Wind generation (MW) 280 MW Transformer rating (MW) 135 MW t. Number of transformers 2 t. 200 180 160 140 Cost (m£) 120 100 80 60 40 20 0 1 2 1 2 1 2 1 2 1 2 1 2 1 2 1 2 1 c. 2 c. 1 c. 2 c. 1 c. 2 c. 1 c. 2 c. 278 MW 278 MW 274 MW 266 MW 500 mm² 500 mm² 500 mm² 500 mm² 25 km 50 km 75 km 100 km Data Platform & plant cost (m£) Cables cost (m£) MVArs cost (m£) EEC cost (m£) Losses cost (m£) Mainenance cost (m£) Cable length (km) Cable size (mm²) Cable capability (MW) Number of cables Wind profile index 17

  18. 1 or 2 Cables: summary Length MTTR Energy cost • Break-even km months £/MWh parameters are in red 25 13 50 50 14.5 50 75 16 50 100 18 50 25 8.5 75 50 9 75 75 9.5 75 100 10 75 25 6 100 50 6 100 75 6.5 100 100 7 100 25 2 230 50 2 240 75 2 240 100 2 250 18

  19. 19 Cable Redundancy Analysis

  20. N-1 versus N-0 (MTTR 2 months) Test 1 Technology AC Voltage (kV) 220 kV Wind generation (MW) 350 MW Transformer rating (MW 170 MW t. Number of transformers 2 t. Cable length (km) 25 km 80 70 60 50 Cost (m£) 40 30 20 10 0 1 2 1 2 1 2 2 c. 1 c. 2 c. 278 MW 334 MW 500 mm² 800 mm² Data Platform & plant cost (m£) Cables cost (m£) MVArs cost (m£) EEC cost (m£) Losses cost (m£) Mainenance cost (m£) Cable size (mm²) Cable capability (MW) Number of cables Wind profile index 20

  21. N-1 versus N-0 (MTTR 6.5 months) Test 1 Technology AC Voltage (kV) 220 kV Wind generation (MW) 350 MW Transformer rating (MW 170 MW t. Number of transformers 2 t. Cable length (km) 25 km 80 70 60 50 Cost (m£) 40 30 20 10 0 1 2 1 2 1 2 2 c. 1 c. 2 c. 278 MW 334 MW 500 mm² 800 mm² Data Platform & plant cost (m£) Cables cost (m£) MVArs cost (m£) EEC cost (m£) Losses cost (m£) Mainenance cost (m£) Cable size (mm²) Cable capability (MW) Number of cables Wind profile index 21

  22. N-1 versus N-0 (MTTR 7.5 months) Test 1 Technology AC Voltage (kV) 220 kV Wind generation (MW) 350 MW Transformer rating (MW 170 MW t. Number of transformers 2 t. Cable length (km) 25 km 80 70 60 50 Cost (m£) 40 30 20 10 0 1 2 1 2 1 2 2 c. 1 c. 2 c. 278 MW 334 MW 500 mm² 800 mm² Data Platform & plant cost (m£) Cables cost (m£) MVArs cost (m£) EEC cost (m£) Losses cost (m£) Mainenance cost (m£) Cable size (mm²) Cable capability (MW) Number of cables Wind profile index 22

  23. 23 1 circuit of 220kV or 2 circuits of 132kV 350 MW Wind Farm Case Study

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