Garden Settlements
What are they? “ A Garden Settlement is a holistically planned new settlement…offering high - quality affordable housing and locally accessible work in beautiful, healthy and sociable communities” (TCPA). Garden settlements have an outward looking approach provide social and economic benefits as well as the ‘right’ type of housing for the community.
History of Garden Cities Where do they come from? Originally came from early industrial model villages, which were the first examples of planned settlements. Lockwood and Mawson designed Saltaire Model Village (1853-68) with 895 dwellings on 25 acres of land. William Hesketh Lever founder of Port Sunlight Model Village (1889-90) originally built for workers with 130 acres of parkland and gardens. George Cadbury created Bourneville Garden Village in 1893 through Garden City movement at the size of 120 acres. Ebenezer Howard’s Garden Cities (1898) – beginning of large-scale comprehensively planned communities in the UK. New form of settlement found in his book ‘To -Morrow: A Peaceful Path to Real Reform’ main answer to housing problem. Established the “3 magnets”: Town, Country, and Town - Country.
History of Garden Cities Community Involvement Early Garden Cities were led by small groups of entrepreneurial individuals in collaborative and cooperative spirit. Early residents benefitted from limited amenities and infrastructure but nevertheless created sense of community and belonging. First two Garden Cities in England Letchworth Garden City (1st city) Welwyn Garden City (2nd city)
Letchworth Garden City 1 st Garden City Created as a solution to poverty of urban life in Britain in the late 19 th C. Ebenezer Howard’s company First Garden City Ltd. began construction in 1903. Now owned by Letchworth Garden City Heritage Foundation and runs with a collaborative and cooperative spirit.
Welwyn Garden City Established 1922 as 2 nd Garden City after Letchworth Social Characteristics • Contained many social associations such as community groups, art groups, health associations and education associations – provide a sense of place for community. • Emphasis on social and demographic mix in the housing layouts – aim to make town small enough for everyone to be within walking distance of the centre in one direction and open countryside in the other – green spaces integrated well.
The C21st Housing Crisis • ‘The housing crisis isn’t about houses – it’s about people’ (Shelter). • Garden settlements help to develop a way sensitive to aspirations of local people and to secure active engagement with local people (TCPA). • The Taylor Report (2015) – Looked at empowering localism to solve the housing crisis. • ‘A single new garden village in each rural English local authority would create around a million extra homes – the homes we need, with the space and gardens, infrastructure, services and employment that people want, all without destroying the places we know and love’ (Taylor, 2015). • DCLG – Locally-led Garden Village and Cities (2016).
C21 st Garden Settlement’s Aim • To achieve sustainability through new employment, housing and recreational facilities, and enhancing economic provision whilst sustaining current health and educational facilities. • To target the current housing crisis with a focus on the three magnets that lead to sustainable development: economic role, environmental role and social role = HOLISTIC APPROACH .
Three Key Principles of the C21st Garden Settlement 1. Land Value Capture • For the benefit of the community • Non-traditional Approach • Allows funding available to ‘front load’ development enabling earlier delivery of key infrastructure and facilities rather than at the end. Types of infrastructure include: transport, community hub facilities, primary schools and general health in the community. • Flexibility of the approach allows Garden Settlements to compliment with existing facilities and enables more holistic, comprehensive master planning to act as a framework for a proposal. 2. Community Governance & Engagement • Good starting point for the Garden Settlements to have engagement between various groups, councils and politicians helps community to understand and view the new settlement. 3. Master Developer Role • Using partners to help fund the Garden Settlements.
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