Gangs in North Carolina North Carolina Gang Investigators Association www.ncgangcops.org
DISCLAIMER Presentations are intended for educational purposes only and do not replace independent professional judgment. Statements of fact and opinions expressed are those of the participants individually and, unless expressly stated to the contrary, are not the opinion or position of the Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI), CMPD, NCGIA, or other cosponsors. The FBI and CMPD does not endorse or approve, and assumes no responsibility for, the content, accuracy or completeness of the information presented.
Detective W. Chuck Hastings (Charlotte Mecklenburg Police) FBI Safe Streets Task Force – Gangs **************************************************** • 2005-2013 Present- Charlotte-Mecklenburg Police Department • CIB- Gang Unit - FBI Safe Streets Task Force-Gangs • Gang of One –Started Gang Prevention Program (2004-2013) • Worked MS13 RICO/Drug Investigation 26+ Defendants • Worked first Capital Murder MS13 case in country • Currently working Federal Confidential Sources/Informants • Local, State, National and International Gang Contacts • Assisted in the Hidden Valley Kings Investigation • Assisted in UBN Blood Investigation • Assisted in Wadesboro, NC Gang Investigation • North Carolina Gang Investigators Association Director of Information 2007-Present • North Carolina Gang Investigators Association Region 3 Coordinator 2005-2007
What is a gang?
Definition of a gang: North Carolina § 14-50.16: As used in this Article, 'criminal street gang' or 'street gang' means any ongoing organization, association, or group of three or more persons, whether formal or informal, that: 1. Has as one of its primary activities the commission of one or more felony offenses, or delinquent acts that would be felonies if committed by an adult; 2. Has three or more members individually or collectively engaged in, or who have engaged in, criminal street gang activity; and 3. May have a common name, common identifying sign or symbol.
NC GS § 14-50.16. Pattern of criminal street gang activity… Cont. • As used in this Article, "pattern of criminal street gang activity" means engaging in, and having a conviction for, at least two prior incidents of criminal street gang activity, that have the same or similar purposes, results, accomplices, victims, or methods of commission or otherwise are interrelated by common characteristics and are not isolated and unrelated incidents, provided that at least one of these offenses occurred after December 1, 2008, and the last of the offenses occurred within three years, excluding any periods of imprisonment, of prior criminal street gang activity. Any offenses committed by a defendant prior to indictment for an offense based upon a pattern of street gang activity shall not be used as the basis for any subsequent indictments for offenses involving a pattern of street gang activity. (2008-214, s. 3.)
28 Code of Federal Regulations Part 23 “28 CFR Part 23” A federal guideline for law enforcement agencies that operate federally funded, multijurisdictional criminal intelligence systems. 28 CFR Part 23 provides guidance for law enforcement agencies on how to operate criminal intelligence information systems effectively while protecting individuals’ privacy and constitutional rights during the collection, storage, and dissemination of criminal intelligence information. • www.iir.com/28cfr
28 CFR Part 23 (continued) • Provides guidance standards in five areas: – Submission and entry of criminal intelligence – Security – Inquiry – Dissemination – Review and purge
What Is a Gang Member? • An individual who meets two or more of the following criteria based on a subjective evaluation of the quality of the evidence – Admits gang membership – Has tattoos and wears or possesses clothing and/or paraphernalia or other indicators that are only associated with a specific gang or gangs
What Is a Gang Member? (continued) • Participates in delinquent and/or criminal activity with a known gang member • Has close association with known gang members—confirmed by law enforcement documented records • Has been identified as a gang member by a reliable informant or source
Submission Criteria • Gang Member Submission Criteria: Initial identification of a gang member shall meet the following requirements. • A minimum of two of the following criteria must be met; 1. Self Admitted - Subject has admitted to being a gang member. (List gang.) 2. 2. Gang Tattoos/Markings - Subject is known to have gang tattoos or markings. 3. Frequents Gang Areas - Subject has been seen frequenting gang areas. (List gang area.) 4. Affiliates with Gang - Subject has been seen by officer affiliating with documented gang members. (List gang documented members.)
Submission Criteria (continued) 5. Gang Hand Signs/Symbols - Subject has been seen by officer displaying gang symbols or hand signs or writes graffiti. (List signs or symbols.) 6. Gang Terminology or Language - Subject uses gang language or terminology. (List terminology used.) 7 . Gang Dress -Subject has been seen wearing gang dress. (Example: gang style, colors, jewelry, bandanas, etc.) 8. Physical Evidence - Subject in possession of gang physical evidence or linked via physical evidence. (Example: gang documents, photos, graffiti, etc.) 9 . Reliable Source – Subject has been identified as a gang member by a reliable informant/source. (List reliable source.)
Submission Criteria (continued) 10. Untested Source - Subject has been identified as a gang member by an untested source. (List source.) 11. Gang Incident - Subject has been involved in a criminal gang incident. (List type of incident, date and report number.) 12. Classification Admit - In custody classification interview that occurs before entry into the jail or prison system where the subject admits gang membership in hopes of placement near other members of his gang.
What Is a Gang Crime? • Member-based crime (Gang Related) – A criminal act in which the suspect or victim is a gang member • Motive-based crime (Gang Motivated) – A criminal act in which the suspect or victim is a gang member and the crime occurs because of that membership or is facilitated by that membership or – A crime committed by a gang member to further the interest of the gang
Categories of Street Gangs: Traditional Gangs Based on the traditions and motivations of gangs that have existed for a long time. Adopt traditional hand-signs, colors, bylaws, bibles, structure, etc. Aligned with a gang nation (People, Folk, Bloods or Crips).
Categories of Street Gangs: Non-Traditional Gangs Usually evolves into a traditional gang, or dissolves after a year or two. Includes Hybrid gangs that may be ethnically mixed and borrow traditions from other gangs. May adopt names from pop culture (Ex. Boyz, Posse, Crew). Local to the area.
Categories of Street Gangs: Criminal Enterprises Motivated by money. Primarily adults involved in illegal narcotics and weapons trafficking….. Anything else? Examples included the Mafia, Jamaican Posses, Outlaw motorcycle gangs.
people join Why do gangs?
Reasons That People Join Gangs “Respect” and self-identity. Protection and peer intimidation. Gang replaces a dysfunctional family. Lack of Economic Opportunity. Desire for Excitement, Machismo. Lack of alternatives in and out of school Acceptance in Pop Culture.
Natural Family Gang Family Food Fo Fo Food Shelter Shelter Shelter helter Clothing Clothing Clothing Clothing Lo Love Lo Love Discipline Discipline Discipline Discipline Acce Acceptance ptance Acce Acceptance ptance Security Security Security Security Sharing Sharing Sharing haring Respect spect Respect espect MONE MONEY SEX SE DRUG DR UGS PO POWER WER PRO PROTECTI TION
What are the big national gangs?
Folk Nation
People Nation
Bloods and Crips
Hispanic Gangs
Asian Gangs… and others
What identifies someone as a member? gang
Crips MS-13 Bloods Kings COLORS
gang members What kind of clothes do wear?
Clothing Color in clothing Bandanas Sports Clothing Belts Shoe Laces
Belts
Tattoos and Brands Used to identify the gang, set or moniker May be similar to the gang’s graffiti Cigarette burns (Dots) signify toughness, gang lifestyle, philosophy, etc. * * *
Tattoos
Fading
Fading
Hand-signs Used to show gang membership. Also a means to communicate. Can show disrespect or issue a challenge to opposing gangs or authority figures Elaborate hand-signing is also referred to as stacking and finger popping.
Tagger Graffiti Most common type A Means of Expression Tag Crews
Gang Graffiti Gang rivalry Means of communication Eulogize slain or maimed gang members
What do promise? gangs
What Do Gangs Promise? • Love • Respect • Fun • Money • Protection
What do deliver? gangs
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