Future Flight: UAS Federal Aviation Administration or Drones coming to an Airport Near You Presented to: Unmanned Systems in Agriculture Conference 2015 AUVSI Atlanta and Ga COI Date: March 18, 2015 Presented by: CAPT Michael K. Wilson UAS Program Manager FAA Southern Region
Wright Brothers, Jet Engine… UAS? • Industry forecasts indicate potential worldwide market for commercial and military UAS at nearly $90 billion over next decade Federal Aviation 3 Administration
Economic Impact Estimated at $82B with over 100,000 Jobs Created – AUVSI Federal Aviation 4 Administration
UAS: Friend or Foe? Federal Aviation 5 Administration
What is a UAS? • An Unmanned Aircraft System (UAS) historically has had various names – Drone, ROA, RPV, UAV, Model/R-C • FAA: UAS is a System – Unmanned Aircraft (UA) • Reusable, capable of controlled, sustained level flight – Ground Control Station (GCS) – Command & Control Links Flown or overseen by a PIC Federal Aviation 6 Administration
Unmanned Aircraft, Types • Small – Less than 55# – < 86 Knots – KE? • Large – 12,500# – Global Hawk – Predator – OPA Federal Aviation 7 Administration
FAA Vision for UAS Integration • Safe • Because safety is the FAA’s primary mission • Efficient • FAA is committed to reduce delays Safe, efficient, and and increase system reliability • Timely timely integration of • FAA is dedicated to supporting this UAS into the exciting new technology airspace Federal Aviation 8 Administration FAA.gov/uas
Integration a “Small” Problem? • 750,000 DJI Phantoms shipped • 18,000 per month being shipped by Amazon Are pilots still pilots? Federal Aviation 9 Administration
Recent “CNN” Events • White House lawn: “Inside” job • Wall Street Journal – “It’s not that the people flying UAS are worse pilots, it’s that they’re not pilots at all.” CEO 3D Robotics, Inc • Good – AUVSI Convention – Osh Kosh/Sun ‘n Fun/Reno Air Races – Test Sites/Universities – Agriculture shows • Not so Good – Port of Miami – CBP and Miami Task Force – TLH NMAC by RJ Captain with F-4 drone – ATL pilot reports: 9L UAS at 400’ short final ; 27L STAR @ 4000’ – Savannah A320 JB Report on visual approach (3 rd event) – New York/LA/Boston/Chicago/Dallas Federal Aviation 10 Administration
UAS in Lawmaking • Four states - Florida, Idaho, Montana and Virginia have already passed laws to control the use of drones by law enforcement. • FL, ID, an MT: Barred police from using drones without a warrant in most cases • Virginia has barred their use by law enforcement (with exceptions) for two years. • According to a tally by the American Civil Liberties Union, legislation to limit drone use has been proposed in 41 states and remains active in 32 states. Federal Aviation 11 Administration
Getting to Integration Today Mid-term Long-term • Accommodation • Transition to • Integration into NAS Integration the NextGen NAS Federal Aviation 12 Administration FAA.gov/uas
FAA UAS Integration Office, AFS-80 • To promote UAS-NAS integration, the FAA established a division-level organization reporting to the Director of Flight Standards • Single agency executive focal point Single • Matrixed organization with staff from Air Traffic POC for and Flight Standards • Primary sponsoring office for FAA UAS All-Things research and development UAS • Coordinates Certificate of Waiver or Authorization (COA) processing • Publishes UAS Civil Integration Roadmap • Processes Section 333 petitions for exemption Federal Aviation 13 Administration FAA.gov/uas
Flight Standards Performance Plan FAA’S MISSION, VISION, AND VALUES • Mission – Provide the safest, most efficient aerospace system in the world. • Vision – Transform the aviation system to reflect the highest standards of safety and efficiency and be a model for the world. The FAA will bring about this transformation by fostering innovation in our workforce and in how we serve our stakeholders and the American people. • Four strategic priorities: 1. Make aviation safer and smarter 2. Deliver benefits through technology and infrastructure 3. Enhance global leadership 4. Empower and innovate with FAA’s people • Federal Aviation 14 Administration FAA.gov/uas
FAA Flight Standards Performance Plan • The nation’s air traffic system is based on infrastructure that was largely built 50 years ago and is out of balance with our stakeholders’ changing needs. • NextGen is redefining the NAS and is delivering benefits to system users, such as reduced fuel costs, reduced delays, and reduced environmental impact. • Great technological advancements require the FAA to safely integrate new types of user technologies, such as unmanned aircraft systems and commercial space vehicles, into the airspace. • As we accommodate new services, the FAA must rationalize and rebalance existing services while modernizing our existing infrastructure in order to reduce costs and become more efficient in the long run. Federal Aviation 15 Administration FAA.gov/uas
UAS: Anybody Can Do It Federal Aviation 16 Administration
Who Operates Them? • Private – Recreational Operators (Hobbyists) – Operations below 400’/Remote Area/5 miles from airport – Not for commercial operations (compensation or hire) • Civil – An entity other than public requiring a S A C Ex or Restricted – No commercial operations (compensation or hire) unless stipulated in terms and conditions of exemption • Public – intrinsically governmental in nature (i.e. federal, state, and local agencies) – Operator must qualify as public entity – Operation must qualify as government function (public interest) Examples: Department of Defense (DoD); other local, state, and federal government agencies and some universities Federal Aviation 17 Administration
Who is Operating UAS in the National Airspace System (NAS)? Public (Governmental) Civil Aircraft – via Special Aircraft – via Certificate of Airworthiness Certificates Waiver or Authorization (COA) and Special Flight Permits By Exemption • Department of Agriculture • Department of Commerce • Department of Defense • Boeing/Insitu • Department of Energy • Aerovironment • Department of Homeland Security • Raytheon • Department of Interior • AAI Corporation • Department of Justice • General Atomics • NASA • Arctic and Alaska: SAC-R • Universities • Others as exempted under 333 • Federal/State/Local Law Enforcement Federal Aviation 18 Administration
Where Are UAS Operating? • Class A, C, D, E, and G Airspace • Domestic and Oceanic (12 mile limit) Limitations: • Not in Class B Airspace Now – NPRM offers limited access with mitigations • Not Over Populated Areas (yellow on the sectionals) – What about GIS? Federal Aviation 19 Administration
UAS Integration Where? How? When? Rules? Federal Aviation 20 Administration FAA.gov/uas
Critical UAS Integration Issues • Lack of regulations for UAS – sUAS Proposed Rule (NPRM) slowed: Due 8/14, Issued last Sunday! Final Rule due September 2015 • Commercial and privacy – Others as required by Congress: FMRA/PL 12-95 • Proponent operational and system maturity – Beta vs VHS – Apple vs Android • Title 10 for DOD? – Training, Pilot certification, and airworthiness • Risk mitigation – “see-and-avoid” CFR • Oversight requirements: COA vs CFR Federal Aviation 21 Administration FAA.gov/uas
FAA Modernization & Reform Act 2012 aka: FAA Reauthorization Bill – Signed into LAW Feb 14, 2012 • Provisions include: – Creation of 5 year roadmap to be updated annually: DONE – Expedited access for public unmanned aircraft: DONE – FAA to study human factors: In Progress – Small UAS rule to permit flight by 2014: LATE – Exemption for model aircraft < 55 lbs: IN WORK – Establishment of Test Sites: DONE – Arctic flying: Done but a work in Progress – LEA ops < 1 year: Established Federal Aviation 22 Administration FAA.gov/uas
FAA UAS Guidance and Collaboration • Comprehensive Plan to Congress 2013 – Common framework for evolving interagency coordination and planning • Roadmap Published – Current and future policies, regulations, technologies and procedures required for CIVIL UAS – ARC : Part 91 rule review – Aligned with FMRA Congressional mandates – Supports FAA Destination 2025 • sUAS rule on National Goals for FAA Federal Aviation 23 Administration FAA.gov/uas
Law Enforcement Agencies (LEAs) • FAA has safety mandate under 49 U.S.C. § 40103: – requirement to regulate aircraft operations conducted in the NAS, which include UAS operations • States and local governments enacting own laws regarding operation of UAS – may mean that UAS operations may also violate state and local laws specific to UAS operations, as well as broadly applicable laws such as assault, criminal trespass, or injury to persons or property. • UAS operators and LEAs must be familiar with the airspace restrictions. • Flight restrictions (TFR’s) are used to protect, but are not limited to – special security events, sensitive operations (e.g., select law enforcement activity, space flight operations, etc.), and Presidential movement . Federal Aviation 24 Administration FAA.gov/uas
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