Paolo Monella Fuori dalla torre di Babele: interoperabilità e sistemi grafjci pre-moderni Out of the Tower of Babel : interoperability and pre-modern writjng systems December 4, 2019
In a nutshell
In a nutshell ● Digital scholarly editjons: diplomatjc/normalized ● Hjelmslev’s “analysis” as digital modelling for pre-modern writjng systems ● Open issues ● Interoperability through modelling
My focus ● European Medieval handwritjng ● Pre-Gutenberg Handwritjng – Early print → imitatjng handwritjng – ● Alphabetjc writjng systems Latjn script (Italian, English...), Greek, Cyrillic... – No Cuneiform, Arabic, Chinese etc. –
Diplomatjc/normalized
Diplomatjc/normalized
Diplomatjc/normalized ● uenenū
Diplomatjc/normalized ● uenenū Diplomatic ● Historical documentation ● Visualization
Diplomatjc/normalized ● venenum ● uenenū Diplomatic ● Historical documentation ● Visualization
Diplomatjc/normalized ● venenum Normalized ● Processing ● Search ● Collation ● NLP (lemma, PoS etc.) ● Statistics (distant reading)... ● uenenū Diplomatic ● Historical documentation ● Visualization
Diplomatjc/normalized
Diplomatjc/normalized
Diplomatjc/normalized ● Comparatur vel ad se vel ad alium ● co̊paraƐur uł adſe uładalium
Hjelmslev’s “analysis” as digital modelling for pre-modern writjng systems
System / text Paradigmatic Syntagmatic (text, process) ● co̊paraƐur uł adſe uładalium (langue, system)
System / text System <s> <t> Text ● co̊paraƐur uł adſe uładalium <x> <y> <z>
Modelling/“analysis”: entjtjes <s> <t> ● co̊paraƐur uł adſe uładalium <x> <y> Entities <z>
Modelling/“analysis”: entjtjes <s> <t> ● co̊paraƐur uł adſe uładalium <x> “If [we are] given anything…, <y> it is the as yet unanalyzed text Entities in its undivided <z> and absolute integrity” (“deduction”, Prol . Ch. 4)
Modelling/“analysis”: entjtjes <s> <t> ● co̊paraƐur uł adſe uładalium <x> <y> Entities <z> Analysis
Modelling/“analysis”: entjtjes <s> <t> ● co̊paraƐur uł adſe uładalium <x> <y> Entities <z> Digital modelling Analysis
Modelling/“analysis”: entjtjes <s> <t> Text ● co̊paraƐur uł adſe uładalium <x> <y> Entities <z> Analysis
Modelling/“analysis”: entjtjes System <s> <t> Text ● co̊paraƐur uł adſe uładalium <x> <y> Entities <z> Analysis
Graphemes as entjtjes? <s> <t> ● co̊paraƐur uł adſe uładalium <x> <y> Entities <z> Analysis
Graphemes as entjtjes? <s> <t> ● co̊paraƐur uł adſe uładalium <x> “Thus the same linguistic form may also be manifested <y> in writing… Here is a graphic Entities <z> ‘substance’… Describing the actually present expression... Analysis system” ( Prol . Ch. 21)
Graphemes as entjtjes? <s> <t> ● co̊paraƐur uł adſe uładalium <x> <y> Entities <z> Analysis
Graphemes as entjtjes? ● Digital (discrete) ● Ligatures ● Allographs ● (Capitalizatjon) ● Grapheme set <s> ● (Punctuatjon) ● Abbreviatjons <t> ● co̊paraƐur uł adſe uładalium <x> <y> Entities <z> Analysis
Graphemes as entjtjes? ● Digital (discrete) ● Ligatures ● Allographs ● (Capitalizatjon) ● Grapheme set <s> ● (Punctuatjon) ● Abbreviatjons <t> ● co̊paraƐur uł adſe uładalium <x> <y> Entities <z> Analysis
Chains and paradigms chain <s> <t> ● co̊paraƐur uł adſe uładalium <x> <y> paradigm <z>
Chains and paradigms chain <s> <t> ● co̊paraƐur uł adſe uładalium <x> <y> “chain”→sequence? paradigm <z>
Functjons <s> <t> ● co̊paraƐur uł adſe uładalium <x> Function <y> <z>
Ligatures
Ligatures <s> <t> ● co̊paraƐur uł adſe uładalium <x> Function <y> <z> “Ligature” (entities, parts of a chain)
Ligatures Varieties <s> «σ» <t> ● co̊paraƐur uł adſe uładalium <x> «√» <y> <z>
Ligatures Varieties: Solidal variants <s> «σ» <t> ● co̊paraƐur uł adſe uładalium <x> «√» <y> <z>
Ligatures ● Digital (discrete) ● Ligatures Varieties: ● Allographs Solidal ● (Capitalizatjon) variants ● Grapheme set <s> ● (Punctuatjon) ● Abbreviatjons <t> ● co̊paraƐur uł adſe uładalium <x> <y> <z>
Ligatures ● Digital (discrete) ● Ligatures Varieties: ● Allographs Solidal ● (Capitalizatjon) variants ● Grapheme set <s> ● (Punctuatjon) ● Abbreviatjons <t> ● co̊paraƐur uł adſe uładalium <x> <y> <z>
Graphemes/allographs
The commutatjon test <s> <t> ● co̊paraƐur uł adſe uładalium <x> <y> <z>
The commutatjon test <s> «σ» <t> ● co̊paraƐur uł adſe uładalium <x> «√» <y> <z>
The commutatjon test <s> «σ» <t> ● co̊paraƐur uł adſe uładalium <x> Function Function «√» <y> Substitution : Commutation : <z> → No change → Change in “meaning” in “meaning” da Ɛ ur / da σ ur ann u s / ann y s
The commutatjon test Variants Invariants <s> «σ» <t> ● co̊paraƐur uł adſe uładalium <x> «√» <y> Substitution : Commutation : <z> → No change → Change in “meaning” in “meaning”
Graphemes / allographs Invariant → <grapheme> <t> (class, paradigm , sincretism) Variants Invariants Variants → «allographs» «σ¼σ¼» <s> (components, members ) «σ¼ » Ɛ¼ «σ¼√» «σ» <t> ● co̊paraƐur uł adſe uładalium <x> «√» <y> Substitution : Commutation : <z> → No change → Change in “meaning” in “meaning”
Graphemes / allographs ● Digital (discrete) ● Ligatures ● Allographs ● (Capitalizatjon) Variants Invariants ● Grapheme set <s> ● (Punctuatjon) ● Abbreviatjons «σ» <t> ● co̊paraƐur uł adſe uładalium <x> <x> «√» «√» <y> <y> Substitution : Commutation : <z> <z> → No change → Change in “meaning” in “meaning”
Graphemes / allographs ● Digital (discrete) ● Ligatures ● Allographs ● (Capitalizatjon) Variants Invariants ● Grapheme set <s> ● (Punctuatjon) ● Abbreviatjons «σ» <t> ● co̊paraƐur uł adſe uładalium <x> <x> «√» «√» <y> <y> Substitution : Commutation : <z> <z> → No change → Change in “meaning” in “meaning”
Graphemes / allographs ● Digital (discrete) ● Ligatures ● Allographs ● (Capitalizatjon) Variants Invariants ● Grapheme set <s> ● (Punctuatjon)? ● Abbreviatjons «σ» <t> ● co̊paraƐur uł adſe uładalium <x> <x> «√» «√» <y> <y> Substitution : Commutation : <z> <z> → No change → Change in “meaning” in “meaning”
Punctuatjon
Punctuatjon “content-form” ( Prol . Ch. 13) <s> «σ» <t> ● co̊paraƐur uł adſe uładalium <x> <x> «√» <y> <y> Substitution : Commutation : <z> <z> → No change → Change in “meaning” in “meaning”
Punctuatjon “content-form” ( Prol . Ch. 13) Including larger <s> units, such as «σ» sentences <t> ● co̊paraƐur uł adſe uładalium <x> <x> «√» <y> <y> Substitution : Commutation : <z> <z> → No change → Change in “meaning” in “meaning”
Punctuatjon “content-form” ( Prol . Ch. 13) Including larger units, such as sentences Truly I tell you , today you will be with me in paradise Truly I tell you today , you will be with me in paradise Substitution : Commutation : → No change → Change in “meaning” in “meaning”
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