Fundamental Symmetries in Nuclear Physics Electroweak Interactions - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

Fundamental Symmetries in Nuclear Physics Electroweak Interactions at scales much lower than the W/Z mass Interplay between electroweak and hadron dynamics High Energy Dynamics E SM amplitudes can be very precisely predicted Λ (~TeV ) courtesy V. Cirigliano, H. Maruyama, M. Pospelov higher dimensional L = L SM + 1 Λ L 5 + 1 M W,Z operators can be Λ 2 L 6 + · · · (100 GeV ) systematically classified Dark Sector (coupling) -1 Heavy Z’s, Light Z’s (dark forces), technicolor, compositeness, extra dimensions, SUSY… Krishna S. Kumar IF Opportunities: Nuclear Physics Facilities 2

Near-Term Planning 2013 Subcommittee Report on the Implementation of the 2007 Nuclear Physics Long Range Plan Tribble Committee Report Section on Fundamental Symmetries Krishna S. Kumar IF Opportunities: Nuclear Physics Facilities 3

Nuclear Facilities Subpanel Chaired by R. Redwine (MIT) Current Nuclear User Facilties ATLAS (Argonne Tandem Linear Accelerator System) here at ANL CEBAF (Continuous Electron Beam Accelerator Facility) at Je fg erson Lab RHIC (Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider) at Brookhaven National Lab Proposed Facilities Electron Ion Collider (EIC) Readiness: (b) Significant scientific/ engineering challenges.... Facility for Rare Isotope Beams (FRIB) Readiness: (a) Ready to initiate construction Ton-Scale Neutrinoless Double Beta Decay Experiment(s) Readiness: (b) Significant scientific/ engineering challenges.. All 6 facilities are deemed “absolutely central” to the mission of Nuclear Physics Krishna S. Kumar IF Opportunities: Nuclear Physics Facilities 4

Nuclear Facilities: Next Decade Impact on Fundamental Symmetries Research (Neutron Beams at NIST) Spallation Neutron Source at Oakridge Fundamental Neutron Physics Beamline Polarized Electron Beams at Jefferson Laboratory Energy Upgrade: ~ 300M$, ~75% complete 12 GeV to a new Hall D , 11 GeV to existing Halls A, B and C pilot beams end of 2013 , first physics beams late 2014 Rare Isotope Facility at Michigan State: FRIB ~600M$ project currently awaiting CD-2 approval (successful review) Physics targeted for ~2020 (based on current funding profile) Polarized Electron Ion Collider Currently in conceptual design stage Targeted for endorsement by the next Nuclear Physics Long Range Plan ~0.5 to 1B$ at RHIC (eRHIC) or JLab (ELIC) would be next big construction project after FRIB Krishna S. Kumar IF Opportunities: Nuclear Physics Facilities 5

The JLab 12 GeV Upgrade 12 6 GeV CEBAF Upgrade magnets and power supplies 11 Opportunities GeV Dark Photon Searches CHL-2 Parity Violation Search for new flavor-conserving neutral current interactions Qweak: elastic electron-proton scattering MOLLER: electron-electron scattering 1.1 Two 0.6 GeV linacs SOLID: electron deep-inelastic scattering Enhanced capabilities Lower pass beam in existing energies Halls still available must reach: 1 Look for tiny but measurable deviations from Λ 2 L 6 Λ ~ 10 TeV precisely calculable predictions for SM processes Krishna S. Kumar IF Opportunities: Nuclear Physics Facilities 6

Parity-Violating Electron Scattering Search for new source of neutral current parity violation l 1 l 1 0 Z f f A PV is a function of sin 2 θ W ; precisely predicted 2 2 ⌅ ⇤⇧ Electromagnetic amplitude interferes with ⇥ A Z ⇤ ⇥ A new 2 � � → A 2 � A γ + A Z + A new 1 + 2 + 2 � � Z-exchange as well as any new physics γ � A γ A γ A new ∼ (0 . 001 − 0 . 01) · G F SLAC E158 multi-TeV scale Most sensitive result: SLAC E158 3% (electron-electron scattering) Limits on new contact interactions ~ 0.5 to 1 TeV Krishna S. Kumar IF Opportunities: Nuclear Physics Facilities 7

Flagship electroweak measurement at the upgraded Jefferson Lab facility MOLLER 11 ¡GeV ¡Møller ¡ δ (sin 2 θ W ) = ± 0.00026 (stat.) ± 0.00012 (syst.) ~ 0.1% sca<ering Matches ¡best ¡collider ¡(Z-­‑pole) ¡measurements! ¡ best contact interaction reach for leptons at low OR high energy To do better for a 4-lepton contact interaction would require: detector Giga-Z factory, linear collider, neutrino factory or muon collider array Q W = 1 − 4 sin 2 θ W 1 + Λ 2 L 6 g 2 ij � e j γ µ e j L e 1 e 2 = 2 Λ 2 ¯ e i γ µ e i ¯ LH2 spectrometer 28 m i , j = L , R target A PV = 35.6 ppb Λ = 7 . 5 TeV Luminosity: 3x10 39 cm 2 /s � | g 2 RR − g 2 LL | 75 μ A 80% polarized δ (A PV ) = 0.73 parts per billion Cost ¡~ ¡20M$ δ (Q eW ) = ± 2.1 % (stat.) ± 1.0 % (syst.) Target ¡run ¡start ¡2017 Krishna S. Kumar IF Opportunities: Nuclear Physics Facilities 8

Proposed to run in Hall A after 12 GeV Upgrade SOLID at Jefferson Laboratory Simultaneous measurements of ~ 25 (x,Q 2 ) points A PV in Electron-Nucleon DIS: a ( x ) = 3 C iq ’s are functions e - ] +  e - [ (2 C 1 u − C 1 d ) For 2 H, assuming charge 10 of sin 2 θ W γ * Z * symmetry, X structure functions largely N ⎡ ⎤ b ( x ) = 3 10 (2 C 2 u − C 2 d ) u v ( x ) + d v ( x ) ⎥ +  cancel in the ratio: ⎢ u ( x ) + d ( x ) ⎣ ⎦ A PV = G F Q 2 [ ] 2 πα a ( x ) + f ( y ) b ( x ) Strategy: sub-1% precision over broad kinematic range for sensitive Standard Model test and detailed Error bar σ A /A (%) study of hadronic structure effects shown at center of bins charge in Q 2 , x symmetry violation standard CLEO-II 4 months at 11 GeV model liquid Solenoid higher twist deuterium target sea quarks 2 months at 6.6 GeV Krishna S. Kumar IF Opportunities: Nuclear Physics Facilities 9

Physics Reach Z resonance measurements: little sensitivity to new contact interactions Moller ± 0.00029 MOLLER (ee) Sensi6vity ¡to ¡R-­‑ JLab, 11 GeV 0,l A 0.23071 ± 0.00053 fb Parity-­‑viola6ng ¡ A (P ) 0.23131 ± 0.00041 Supersymmetry l τ A (SLD) 0.23070 ± 0.00026 QWeak (ep) JLab, 1,165 GeV l P2 (ep) Mainz, 137 MeV Ramsey-Musolf 0,b A 0.23193 ± 0.00029 fb and Su, Phys. 0.23 0.231 0.232 Rep. 456 (2008) 2 sin (M ) θ W Z MS proposed 1 � 10 � 4 ongoing 5 � 10 � 5 Dark Photons: BaBar low energy Beyond kinetic published a Μ a e KLOE mixing; introduce 1 � 10 � 5 mass mixing with Z 5 � 10 � 6 d Moller e n i a l p x e � 2 a Μ 150-200 GeV E774 APEX Test MAMI MESA Davoudiasl, Lee, Marciano Leptophobic Z’ APV Combined 1 � 10 � 6 arXiv:1203.2947v2 ⇥ Z = m Z d 5 � 10 � 7 E141 � arXiv:1203.1102v1 M Z � For ∆ 2 � 10 � 6 � Buckley and Ramsey-Musolf 1 � 10 � 7 5 10 50 100 500 1000 Krishna S. Kumar IF Opportunities: Nuclear Physics Facilities 10 m Zd � MeV �

Electron Ion Collider The Proposal: A high energy, high luminosity (polarized) ep Two Machine Designs and eA collider and a suitably designed detector Both planned to be STAGED eRHIC at Brookhaven National Laboratory E e =10 GeV (5-30 GeV variable) • using the existing RHIC complex E p =250 GeV (50-325 GeV Variable) • ELIC at Jefferson Laboratory using Sqrt(S ep ) = 100 (30-200) GeV • the Upgraded 12GeV CEBAF “Parasitic” Opportunity: Electroweak & BSM Physics • High energy collisions of polarized electrons and protons and nuclei afford a unique opportunity to study electro-weak deep inelastic scattering – Electroweak structure functions (including spin) – Significant contributions from W and Z bosons which have different couplings with quarks and anti-quarks • Parity violating DIS : a probe of beyond TeV scale physics – Measurements at higher Q 2 than the PV DIS 12 GeV at Jlab – Precision measurement of Sin 2 Θ W arXiv: 006.5063v1 [hep-ph] M. Gonderinger et al. • New window for physics beyond SM? – Lepton flavor violation search Krishna S. Kumar IF Opportunities: Nuclear Physics Facilities 11

Electron-Tau Conversion Search for Charged Lepton Flavor Violation τ → e + γ e → τ Limits on LFV(1,3) experimental searches are significantly worse • τ e e than those for LFV(1,2) τ • Especially if there are BSM models which specifically allow and enhance LFV(1,3) over LFV(1,2) ( ) A Z , N X γ – Minimal Super-symmetric Seesaw model • J. Ellis et al. Phys. Rev. D66 115013 (2002) leptoquark signature – SU(5) GUT with leptoquarks • I. Dorsner et al., Nucl. Phys. B723 53 (2005) • P. Fileviez Perez et al., Nucl. Phys. B819 139 (2009) • M. Gonderinger & M.Ramsey Musolf, JHEP 1011 (045) (2010); arXive: 1006.5063 [hep-ph] – 10 fb -1 e-p luminosity @ 90 GeV CM would have potential – Detector & analysis efficiencies assumed 100% – HERA experience: effective efficiencies 5-15% • Clearly there is an opportunity for EIC: “icing on the cake” Event Topology Detailed MC study in progress: Talk by A. Deshpande in joint session with Charged Leptons Studies validate intial estimates that HERA Searches competitive limits can be obtained with 100 fb -1 Krishna S. Kumar IF Opportunities: Nuclear Physics Facilities 12

������������������������������� ������������������������������������������������ �������!����"� ����#��$��������� ��������������������������������������������������������������� • Search for EDMs • Measure the Neutron • Test QCD Zheng-Tian Lu Physics Division, Argonne National Laboratory Department of Physics, University of Chicago