Functional Food Opportunities to Support Cognitive Fitness Dr Roger - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

Functional Food Opportunities to Support Cognitive Fitness Dr Roger Hurst, Plant & Food Research | April 14 th 2016 Host Institution

Cognitive ‘fitness’ - maintained mental performance The Horticulture and Food Research Institute of New Zealand Plant & Food Research’s interests: » Cognitive function/performance » Concentration/alertness » Exercise performance/fatigue » Mood/Relaxation » Stress/Anxiety » Sleep prevention – not treatment

Consumer demand - Market opportunity Molecular targets 2- MAO inhibitors from plants Globally 85% 30% US population, consumers are 40% China actively interested, buying foods 32% actively that improve buying ‘concentration’ ‘Relaxation’ = 27% (USA) 45% (China) ‘Alertness’ = 27% (USA) 38% (China) (DataMonitor Consumer Survey 2011) Market value (2010) and growing… » USA = $541M - just sales ‘mood’ = $430M (2009) (Nutras World, Jan 2011) » Japan = $452M » India = $382M » China = $361M

Blueberries - The cognition fruit Dr James Joseph, Nutritional Neuroscientist, Tufts University, USA Dr Barbara Shukitt-Hale, Research Psychologist, Tufts University, USA Blueberries may help prevent Alzheimer's, new research suggests Scie ntists say the fruit is loaded with healthful antioxidants which could help prevent the effects of the increasingly common form of dementia . The Telegraph, May 2016

PFR Approach: a functional food approach Pharmaceutical Functional food anxiety anxiety ß-blocker GABA-R GABA-A MAO-I Benzos Valium COMMERCIAL LEADERS single target multiple mechanisms single activity multiple sub-pharma bioactives single mechanism with synergies single potent bioactive

Receptor evaluation - cultivar differences The New Zealand Institute for Plant & Food Research Ltd COMMERCIAL LEADERS

Pre-clinical studies Spatial awareness / memory Anxiety – time in open arms % time in open arms / time to platform Time (%) 60 ** 20 50 * * % time in open arms 40 Time (s) 30 10 20 10 0 0 vehicle diazepam 3mg/Kg 10mg/Kg 30mg/Kg 90mg/Kg 0 1 2 3 4 5 days Scheepens A, Bisson JF, Skinner M. (2014). p-Coumaric acid activates the GABA-A receptor in vitro and is orally anxiolytic in vivo. Phytother Res. 28(2):207-11. doi: 10.1002/ptr.4968

Human trial – blackcurrant - design » Randomised, placebo controlled, double » Blackcurrant variety juice (142ml per blinded, balanced, crossover human 60kg/person) versus sugar matched control intervention trail vs JTB delcyan TM » n=35 healthy young adults between » Berryfruit doses matched at 18-35 years old 500mg total polyphenols » Intense 70 min mathematical challenge minutes Anthony W. Watson, A et al. (2015). Acute supplementation with blackcurrant extracts modulates cognitive functioning and inhibits monoamine oxidase-B in healthy young adults. J. Functional Foods 17: 524-539.

Cognitive benefits a. Digit Vigilance Reaction Time b. RVIP Accuracy 50 -2 40 -4 * t 30 * -6 * 20 -8 t DelCyan30 Control 10 -10 Juice * -12 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 Control DelCyan30 Juice Extract: Repetition Condition » Reduced fatigue c. Bond-Lader Alert d. Visual analogue scale- Fatigue » Improved accuracy 5 30 Improved alertness » 0 25 (no improvement reaction time) -5 20 -10 * Juice: 15 * -15 » Faster reactions without a 10 -20 loss in accuracy 5 -25 (no improvement in alertness, no loss of fatigue ) -30 0 0 60 150 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 Time (Minutes) Repetition Anthony W. Watson, A et al. (2015). Acute supplementation with blackcurrant extracts modulates cognitive functioning and inhibits monoamine oxidase-B in healthy young adults. J. Functional Foods 17: 524-539.

Muscle Cognitive Recovery Game play / Motivation / prediction drive to train Game Spatial intelligence awareness Focus / alertness / learning

Cognitive Fitness post High Intensity Training Aims: » Is cognitive fitness impaired post exercise/during fatigue/recovery » Is cognitive fitness improved by HIT » Does fruit consumption improve cognitive fitness post exercise, - improve cognitive recovery Pre training Post training High Intensity Interval Training measures measures Week 1 Week 3 Week 4 Week 2 Session 1 Session 2 Session 3 Session 5 Session 6 Session 4 VO 2 max VO 2 max 6 intervals 7 intervals 8 intervals 10 intervals 11 intervals 9 intervals Cognitive testing Cognitive testing Submaximal cycle Submaximal cycle Immediate cognitive testing after VO 2 max https://admin.joggleresearch.com/

Cognitive benefits Digital Symbol Substitution Task – higher executive thinking Accuracy (% Pre-HIT) Reaction time * » HIT improved reaction time but not accuracy Fruit: » No further improvement PL Fruit PL Fruit PL Fruit PL Fruit of reaction time Post-HIT Pre-HIT » Improved accuracy Pre-HIT Post-HIT Fruit intervention during sports training may enable an individual to maintain cognitive reasoning (smart game-play) during competition.

Acknowledgements Anthony Watson Stephen Stannard Arjan Scheepens David Kennedy John Podd Birgit Ha Crystal Haskell Peter Cannon Jeff Greenwood others… Suzanne Hurst Dominic Lomiwes others… Funding: • Ministry of Business and Employment • PSAF Simon Tavendale Plant & Food Research • Stephen van Eyk