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Southwest Florida Early Childhood Education Cost Study Presented by Larry Miller, PhD Dean, FSW School of Education Larry.Miller@fsw.edu March 2018

How Many Children are NOT Kindergarten Ready in FL? A. 38,000 B. We don’t know C. It depends on what standard you use D. 72% E. All of the above 3

How Many Children are NOT Kindergarten Ready in FL? A. 38,000 – TRUE – house report B. We don’t know – TRUE statewide data is 4 years old C. It depends on what standard you use - TRUE D. 72% - TRUE for Collier Co. based on iREADY E. All of the above - TRUE 4

How much is spent per K12 student in your district? A. $7,500 B. $15,000 C. None of the above 5

How much is spent per K12 student in your district? A. $7,500 – TRUE YOU ARE JUST TALKING ABOUT THE STATE CONTRIBUTION B. IF $15,000 – TRUE IF YOU LIVE IN COLLIER CO. C. None of the above – TRUE IF YOU LIVE ANYWHERE BUT COLLIER 6

How much is spent per preschool student in your district? A. $2,400 B. $3,700 C. $2,800 D. $8,000 E. $0 F. All of the above 7

How much is spent per preschool student in your district? A. $2,400 TRUE FOR VPK B. $3,700 TRUE FOR VPK + Headstart + USADA + School Readiness w/o CSC in a private center C. $2,800 TRUE if you are B attend a home-based program D. $8,000 TRUE if Headstart E. $0 TRUE if not enrolled or for 3 year olds who want VPK F. All of the above TRUE 8

A network of more than 50 organizations, businesses, schools and community members working to ensure every child is ready for Kindergarten, and every young person enters adulthood with a vision and plan to accomplish that vision.

Future Ready Collier Goal: To transform Southwest Florida’s workforce by increasing the number of college degrees, certificates or other high-quality credentials from 27 percent to 55 percent by 2025. 10

Future Ready Collier Two Goals 1. Ensure all children are Kindergarten ready 2. Ensure all young people are career ready by graduating high school on track to obtain a degree or credential. 11

Early Learning Goal: Ensuring all children are Kindergarten ready Measuring Success: • Percent ready on CCPS iReady assessment on entry • Percent ready on state-established readiness assessment 12

Directed Early Childhood Education Cost Study Study sponsors Mrs. Lavern Gaynor Naples Children and Education Foundation The Wayne Smith Family Foundation Richard M. Schulze Family Foundation Lockmiller Endowment for Early Childhood Education 13

Research • Early Childhood Education Cost Study • OpEd appeared in USA Today • Dr. Larry Miller appeared on local public radio’s Gulf Coast Live 14

Motivation • Personal experience with ‘least restrictive environment’ clause • Heckman equation • ”Me-Search” on NCLB • Hong Kong, NYC, New Jersey, Oklahoma, Georgia • Abbott v. Burke • “Would you like fries with that?” • 5 opportunities, but not a single Children’s Services Council in SWFL 15

How Much Does a High Quality Early Childhood Education Cost? • Very difficult question to answer • Spending and student outcomes can be observed, but costs cannot be observed directly • Four methods of estimating costs – Professional Judgement Cost Studies; – High performing approach; – Causal evidence; – Production functions/Cost functions 16

Rationale for Study • Best predictor for 3 rd grade academic success is kindergarten readiness • 38,000 of Florida’s children were not kindergarten ready in 2012-13 • Florida ranks 40 th in the nation on spending on 4 year- olds • Leaders in the five southwest Florida counties participating in the study are interested in making sure that kindergarten readiness is attainable for all children 17

SW FL ECE Coalition and Support • Study coalition consists of 5 southwest Florida counties • Collier County is very similar to Sarasota County – 15k vs. 17k children 0-5 years old – 25% children in poverty – Majority of elementary students qualify for free or reduced price lunch – Traffic is a nightmare in season 18

Key Takeaways from the Literature • Birth to 5 is a critical period in brain development • Critical development for language, cognition, social/emotional competence, self-regulation, and executive functioning • ECE is proven to have positive impacts on child outcomes 19

Key Takeaways from the Literature • Academic gains are largest in high quality ECE programs that include: – Smaller class sizes/student-teacher ratios – Higher teacher qualifications – Higher compensation – Greater professional support – Persistence of gains challenged • Estimates of return on investment of preschool range from $3 to $7 for every $1 invested. 20

Professional Judgment Approach • APA pioneered the use of the Professional Judgment (PJ) Approach in the K-12 context. • APA has nearly two decades of experience conducting costing out studies using PJ approach to estimate resources needed to meet particular standards – PJ Approach relies on the experience and expertise of educators and leaders in the field to specify the resources needed to meet performance outcomes 21

Standards • Standards-setting panel agreed to use the Florida Early Learning and Developmental Standards for 4-year olds • Included following development domains: – Approaches to learning; – Cognitive development and general knowledge; – Language, communication, and emergent literacy; – Physical development; and – Social and emotional development. 22

Panels with SW Florida ECE Professionals • Multiple panels of 7 to 11 SW Florida ECE professionals were convened to review standards and identify the resources needed to achieve them – Resource Panels- Centers: • Private Centers Resource Panel • Rural Centers Resource Panel • District-Operated Centers and Head Start Centers Resource Panel – Resource Panel- Licensed Home Providers 23

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Representative Center Preschools • 100 3- and 4-year olds: • 38 3-year olds and 62 4-year olds • Began by estimating resources for a preschool with no students from poverty families • Panelists were then asked to adjust resources for a preschool with 25% student poverty and then 100% student poverty 25

Key Specification Assumptions • Six hours of instructional time per day and a school year with 220 days • Special education students should be served primarily in district-operated and private centers (SpEd costs are not estimated for home providers) • Transportation costs are not included 26

Student-Teacher Ratios in Center Analysis All Centers Base Level 25% Poverty 100% Poverty Student-teacher ratios Children per adult PreK 3-year olds 8 8 6 PreK 4-year olds 9 9 7 Maximum class size Children per adult PreK 3-year olds 16 16 12 PreK 4-year olds 18 18 14 27

Base-Level Staffing FTE- Centers (No student poverty or SpEd) Base Level, 100 students District Private Rural Operated/ Centers Centers Head Start Center Director 1.0 1.0 1.0 Curriculum Director 0.5 0.5 0.5 Family Support 1.0 1.0 0.5 Lead Teacher 5.8 5.8 5.8 Support Teacher 5.8 5.8 5.8 Administrative Assistant 1.0 1.0 2.0 Janitorial and Maintenance 1.5 1.5 1.5 Cook 1.0 1.0 1.0 Assistant/Substitute 1.0 1.0 1.0 Floaters (daily) 2.0 2.0 2.0 Other Professional 0.2 0.2 0.3 District Level Coordinator 0.5 28

Non-Personnel Center Resources (1) Center Resource Category Annual Resources per Center Education Supplies $10,000 Education Equipment $5,000 Kitchen Supplies $2,500 Food $50,000 Office Supplies $2,500 Office equipment $2,000 Costs per child of child assessment system $1,500 Tech Licensing $1,000 Insurance (liability, accident, etc.) $7,500 Postage $500 Advertising $1,000 Adaptive equipment (SpEd) $10,000 Adaptive technology (SpEd) $5,000 Screening and evaluation (SpEd) $10,697 29

Non-Personnel Center Resources (2) Center Resource Category Resources per Center Rent /Lease $43,200 Utilities (heat, AC, gas, electric, water, phone, internet, trash, sewer, etc.) $17,316 Building Insurance $10,595 Maintenance/Repair/Cleaning $25,535 Audit $3,000 Fees/Permits $1,083 Per employee costs Professional development/training $200 per teaching staff Background checks/Fingerprinting $12.30 per employee 30