Frontiers of Synchrophasor Solutions Deployment Vijay Sukhavasi , Manu Parashar, Anil Jampala March 30, 2017 Confidential. Not to be copied, distributed, or reproduced without prior approval.
Key Needs With over 40 WAMS solutions deployed worldwide, there are some common needs identified for the next-generation WAMS : Data Quality: Ability to detect and repair corrupt data or data gaps. Operator Guidance: Need to provide corrective actions on synchrophasor-based monitoring. Operator Training: Need for a training environment to familiarize operators/dispatchers on synchrophasor apps. Engineering Applications: Provide offline analysis tools for operating engineers and planners, to effectively support real-time operations. Scalability: Next-gen architectures will need to handle 1000s PMUs (e.g. URTDSM, India & ONS, Brazil) Extensibility: Need to support new, not yet thought of applications as well as 3 rd party apps. Presentation Title Confidential. Not to be copied, distributed, or reproduced without prior March 30, 2017 2 approval.
Data Quality Dynamic DTS Confidential. Not to be copied, distributed, or reproduced without prior March 30, 2017 3 approval.
WAMS System Architecture at PG&E End-to-end redundant architecture to minimize data loss: Redundant PMUs, PDCs Duplicate data streams. HA ‘Active - Active’ WAMS App Servers. EMS Redundancy. Architecture Supports both Redundant and Duplicate Data Courtesy: Vahid Madani, PG&E Confidential. Not to be copied, distributed, or reproduced without prior approval.
PMU-based State Estimation (Linear State • Concepts • Benefits Estimator) • Back up to existing EMS SE (provides • State estimator driven purely with PMUs an alternate layer of visibility). (i.e. “state measurement”). • PMU data validation (detect bad data) • Operates at the sub-second cycle including topology errors. (tracking the PMU data). • Correct for problematic CT and PT errors. 40 Voltage Angle 35 30 degree bias 30 Voltage Angle Estimated 25 20 15 10 5 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 LSE can detect and correct for PMU data errors. Confidential. Not to be copied, distributed, or reproduced without prior approval.
Study LSE : Measurement Data Cleansing Raw voltage angle measurement with 10 (deg) bias Correctly estimated voltage angle by LSE Confidential. Not to be copied, distributed, or reproduced without prior approval.
Operator Guidance Dynamic DTS Confidential. Not to be copied, distributed, or reproduced without prior March 30, 2017 7 approval.
Angle-based Grid Management Real-time applications for the Control Room
Angle-based Grid Management Holistic Approach to Angle-based Grid Management Transforming WAMS angle-based M ONITORING into O PERATOR G UIDANCE Correct (NETSENS) Predict (LODF) Angle Monitoring Dynamic/Static Limit (DSA Tools) δ K EY B ENEFITS - Independent of State Estimation function (measurement & topology based approach). - Capable of making recommendations for corrective control actions. Observe ● Analyze ● Predict ● Correct Confidential. Not to be copied, distributed, or reproduced without prior approval.
Realtime Post-CTG Angle Difference Prediction for a Source-Sink Pair based on present PMU measurements & Topology Post-CTG Angle Difference & Post-CTG % Loading Angle Limits Dynamically Updated based on DSA-VSAT C ONCEPT U SED - Topology-based Network Sensitivities (similar to LODF) 10 Confidential. Not to be copied, distributed, or reproduced without prior approval.
Realtime Post-CTG Angle Difference Correction for a Source-Sink Pair based on present PMU measurements & Topology Post-CTG Angle Difference Control Sensitivities (Relative) C ONCEPT U SED - Topology-based Network Sensitivities (similar to LODF) 11 Confidential. Not to be copied, distributed, or reproduced without prior approval.
Enhanced Blackstart & Restoration Management Real-time applications for the Control Room
Realtime Detection & Identification of the Location of Islanding Events Cause & Location of Islanding Event K EY B ENEFIT - Gives a good visibility to the operator in identifying the cause of island formation 13 Confidential. Not to be copied, distributed, or reproduced without prior approval.
Realtime Monitoring of the Interfaces of each Island & the Conditions needed for Resynchronization Interface (Synchronization Path) between Two Islands Conditions for Island Resynchronization K EY B ENEFIT - Gives a good visibility to the operator regarding the paths available for merging islands 14 Confidential. Not to be copied, distributed, or reproduced without prior approval.
Realtime Detection & Identification of the Location of Island Resynchronization Events Cause & Location of Island Resynchronization K EY B ENEFIT - Gives a good visibility to the operator in identifying the restoration action taken 15 Confidential. Not to be copied, distributed, or reproduced without prior approval.
Hybrid (WAMS & EMS) Training Simulator Integration of Dispatcher Training Simulator (DTS) and a Transient Simulation Engine (PowerTech TSAT). Shaping the next-generation DTS/OTS EMS Platform Powertech TSAT Load Flow Simulation Dynamic Environment Grid Simulator Simulated Control Room Downsampling C37.118 Data Training Environment DSA tools alarms Dispatch Control ETV Engine PhasorPoint Integrated Dispatcher Training System: Training Server • Real-time simulator based on Powertech TSAT Central PDC • Simulated data is fed directly into PP as C37.118 streams Application • Data is also downsampled Services and sent to the EMS & DSA Tools • EMS integrated with Data Services PhasorPoint and DSA tools Operator in Training Presentation Title Confidential. Not to be copied, distributed, or reproduced without prior March 30, 2017 16 approval.
Example: Islanding Condition Scenario using DDTS Operator Visualization Admin DTS Controls (Breaker Opening) Presentation Title Confidential. Not to be copied, distributed, or reproduced without prior March 30, 2017 17 approval.
Engineering Applications Dynamic DTS Confidential. Not to be copied, distributed, or reproduced without prior March 30, 2017 18 approval.
Post-Event Analysis: Overview of May 30, 2013 Event (courtesy PG&E) 2000MW Gen drop Frequency DC Intertie DC recovered restarted Intertie Series Shunt Capacitors Capacitors bypassed removed Series and Shunt Capacitors inserted 19 Confidential. Not to be copied, distributed, or reproduced without prior approval.
Dynamic Model Validation – Forced Simulation • M ODEL V ALIDATION − Power Plant Model Validation − NERC Compliance (MOD 26, 27) Phasor Measurements MEASUREMEN Simulation T VERIFICATION Comparing measured and simulated results Oscillations (FRQ, DAMP, MODE SHAPE, SOURCES) CALIBRATION Tuning generator dynamic model parameters Confidential. Not to be copied, distributed, or reproduced without prior courtesy: BPA approval.
Power Plant Model Validation & Calibration Simulation Reconstruction PMU Observation Confidential. Not to be copied, distributed, or reproduced without prior approval.
COMPLIANCE Monitoring: BAL003 Frequency Response (May 30 th 2013 PDCI Event Analysis) Min Frequency: 59.70Hz Estimated Beta: 1230.53 MW/0.1Hz Courtesy Vahid Madani, PG&E Confidential. Not to be copied, distributed, or reproduced without prior 22 approval.
Scalability and Extensibility Dynamic DTS Confidential. Not to be copied, distributed, or reproduced without prior March 30, 2017 23 approval.
Central vs. Distributed Architecture Ground WAMS - CENTRAL Predix Cloud WAMS - DISTRIBUTED Data Analytics Visualisation Vendor Support TO/TSO #1 TO/TSO #N Transm Owner / System Operator RT Apps Server RT/OL Apps Server Central PDC PDC RT/OL Apps Server PDC PDC Authorised user Other PMU PMU PMU PMU PMU PMU TO/TSO DNO #M DNO #1 PMU PMU PMU PDC PDC PDC DNO PMU PMU PMU PMU PDC PDC Industrial & DG PMU PMU PMU PMU PMU PMU Confidential. Not to be copied, distributed, or reproduced without prior approval.
Modular & Distributed WAMS Infrastructure Distributed Architecture Distributed WAMS Infrastructure Phasor Data Concentrator Application Server Historian Storage Confidential. Not to be copied, distributed, or reproduced without prior approval.
WAMS Cloud-based Visualization Presentation Title Confidential. Not to be copied, distributed, or reproduced without prior March 30, 2017 26 approval.
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