������������������������������������������� From IPv4 to IPv6… From IPv4 to IPv6… T.R. Dua, Deputy Director General, COAI July 21, 2009 @ New Delhi �
���������� � Functional since 1995, the COAI started with all private sector companies engaged in provision of GSM based Cellular Mobile Services in India. � Vision - to facilitate the establishment of a world class Cellular Infrastructure and deliver the benefits of affordable mobile telephony services to the people of India. � Members � Core Members- Private GSM operators � Associate Members-Technology Partners, Chip Manufacturers, Infrastructure Providers. � Providing policy & licensing inputs to DoT � Provide inputs to & participate in consultation processes of the Regulator – TRAI, to assist in developing an enabling and competitive regulatory framework for provision of telecom services � Commission /carry out research studies (E.g. Annual Benchmarking Study) � Undertake Special Projects like MIM, Subscriber verification, Infrastructure sharing. �
������������ ASSOCIATE MEMBERS CORE MEMBERS TECHNOLOGY PARTNERS � AIRCEL � ALCATEL LUCENT � BHARTI AIRTEL LTD. � ERICSSON � BPL COMMUNICATIONS � MOTOROLA � � BYCELL TELECOMMUNICATIONS NOKIA SIEMENS NETWORK CHIP MANUFACTURERS � DATACOM SOLUTIONS � TEXAS INSTRUMENTS � IDEA CELLULAR � INFINEON TECHNOLOGIES � RELIANCE TELECOM (GSM) INFRASTRUCTURE PROVIDERS � ATC TOWER COMPANY OF INDIA � SPICE COMMUNICATIONS � ASTER INFRASTRUCTURE � S-TEL LTD. � ESSAR TELECOM INFRASTRUCTURE � SWAN TELECOM PVT. LTD. � GTL INFRASTRUCTURE � INDIA TELECOM INFRA � TATA TELESERVICES � QUIPPO TELECOM INFRASTRUCTURE � UNITECH WIRELESS � SREI INFOCOMM � VODAFONE ESSAR � TOWER VISION INDIA � XCEL TELECOM �
��������������� � Providing � Policy & Licensing inputs to DoT, � Spectrum related inputs to Spectrum Agency – WPC, � To TEC in formulation of standards for mobile services � To the Regulator – TRAI, & participate in consultation processes � Commission /carry out research studies � Undertake Special Projects � Active Involvement with International & Indian Agencies � GSM Association � ITU � Active Involvement with Indian Chambers of Commerce (CII, FICCI, ASSOCHAM), Industry Associations, ITU-APT, IPTV Forum, etc �
������������������������� ���� !�����"�����#$�#���"� “The mobile phone has moved beyond being a mere device to become a key “social object” present in every aspect of our daily lives” . International Telecommunications Union. ITU �
��$���������������$����#�% �����!���� � ~ 415 Mn mobile subscribers as on May 2009 450 415 � Rs. 150,000 crores Investments 400 347 Subscribers in million 350 � Lowest Tariffs in the World � Leading to lowest ARPU’s 300 i.e. subscriber bills ! 250 158 � High minutes of use (MoU) ! 200 97 150 � Telecom sector is also driving growth in Manufacturing and R&D. 100 51 33 50 13 7 � 4 For every 10% increase in mobile penetration rate there is a 1.2% 0 higher growth rate 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 May-09 Source: TRAI COAI Projections - 893mn Wireless Subs by 2012 & 1243mn Wireless Subs by 2015 “The best is yet to be!!!” �
��!�����"����������������������� ��������� ��&��������$�� � According to a recently published ICRIER Report : � Indian states with higher mobile penetration can be expected to grow faster, and by 1.2% points for every 10% increase in mobile penetration rate � Access to communications needs to be seen as a foundation on which other initiatives can be built. � Information via mobile, such as weather reports and market prices, has begun to have an impact on productivity for the agricultural sector. � Small and medium sized enterprises (SMEs) and urban slums gain maximum benefits in enhancing their businesses through the use of mobile services . � In under served areas, mobile phones can help to widen markets, create better information flows, lower transaction costs and substitute for costly physical transport. �
3G WILL BRING MOBILE BROADBAND IN INDIA • In India fixed line broadband connectivity is very low; – Quite likely that many people will probably first use and experience broadband on their mobile handsets – 3G will bring in the much needed broadband connectivity for both rural as well urban India. Internet Broadband Wireless internet thru mobile 117.82 120 101.1 100 88.27 76.0 80 65.5 60 40 13.54 11.1 20 12.24 12.85 11.7 6.22 5.52 4.9 4.4 3.9 0 Mar'08 Jun'08 Sep'08 Dec'08 Mar'09 In India, when You think Broadband, Think Mobile Broadband � Source: TRAI
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"�������������� The Number Of Communicating Data Devices Will Grow From 30 Billion In 2008 to One Trillion By 2012 Growth in the use of the Internet for connecting more and more devices has meant greater demand for Internet addresses. “Growing need to replace current addressing scheme” ��
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&�(������)���!*+, � IP address exhaustion � IPv4 has ~4 billion addresses � Internet will not “collapse”, but new devices / networks will not be able to join � When? � Estimates always seem to be “a few years” in the future � Current estimates (as of March 2009) • APNIC – April 2011 • Cisco – July 2011 � Different assumptions produce different estimates • Widespread deployment of NAT (Network Address Translation) • Reclaiming assigned but unused addresses • Future worldwide growth ��
��-��.��/����/, Q. Isn’t There Still Lots of IPV4 Address Space Left? � Half the IPV4 space is unallocated � If size of internet is doubling each year, Does this mean only one year’s worth?! � No, because today we deny unique IPV4 addresses to most new hosts � We make them use methods like NAT etc, to share addresses � But new types of applications and new types of access need unique addresses! Q. Why Are NAT’s Not Adequate? � They won’t work for large numbers of servers i.e., devices that are “called” (e.g. IP phones) � They inhibit deployment of new applications and services. � They compromise the performance, robustness, security, and manageability of the Internet ��
&�(��!*0, Benefits: � Just one Major reason: More addresses � Easier address management/delegation � Room for more levels of hierarchy, for route aggregation � Server – less auto configuration (“plug-n-play”) and reconfiguration � More efficient and robust Mobility Mechanism � Security - Built- in, strong IP-layer encryption and authentication, Ability to do end-end IPsec � Streamlined header format and flow identification � Improved support for options/ extensions ��
&�(�/��1���2������3��!*0,��4/��3��5 The take-up in the use of IPv6 has been very slow to-date because of: � lack of awareness � Internet is now engineered for IPv4+NAT � Many vendors and (de facto) standards � Applications written for NAT � Services built around NAT � lack of applications support � Application and service developers do the hard work � Who bears the cost ? � End users pay for their “home gateways/routers” � ISP costs are externalised � lack of clear benefits � And there is no business case to change this. However the community recognizes that IPv6 is the only path that enables the Internet to continue to expand ��
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�!*+�*/7��!*0�% �������������8�$�""������� SIMILARITIES DIFFERENCES � Datagram � Address Length � Each packet is individually routed � IPv4 – 32 bits (232 = ~4 billion) � IPv6 – 128 bits (2128= ~340 trillion, trillion, � Packets may be fragmented or trillion) duplicated � Security – IPSec support required in IPv6 � Connectionless � IPSec encrypts each IP packet independently � No guarantee of delivery in � Reliability – No Header Checksum in sequence IPv6 � Easier for routers – No need to update � Unreliable checksum after decrementing TTL � No guarantee of delivery � Relies on link-level error checking � Quality of Service � No guarantee of integrity of data � Label data flows for special priority levels at � Best effort routers � � Only drop packets when necessary Simplified Header Format � Infrequently used fields are optional � No time guarantee for delivery ��
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