Fossilization in the Field of Applied Linguistics Errors Second - PDF document

Final Recorded Presentation: Defining a Term ELSP 505/Boldt Pronunciation: Grammar: Discourse: Presentation Skills: Word Stress Tense Control Sentence Connectors Read and Look Up (Eye Contact) Sentence Stress Adjective Clauses for Defining Transitions Questioning Techniques Rhythm Clarification Pausing Thought Groups ~ Select a term from your field of study and prepare a 2-3 minute presentation defining that term. ~ ~ We will record these presentations on Mon, Nov 26 or Tues, Nov 27 (after Thanksgiving break) ~ Include the following parts in your presentation Part 1: Introduce the field, the term, and its definition (using adjective clauses). Part 2: Give examples/background information/descriptions/explanations to further illustrate the term. Part 3: Restate the definition and end with a general statement about its importance. Note: Useful phrases that can be used effectively in this type of presentation are provided on page 2 and 3 of this handout. Use this information as you plan your presentation. _________________________________________________________________________________ Sample Outline (approximate time = 2 minutes 45 seconds) Fossilization in the Field of Applied Linguistics Errors Second Language Learners Pronunciation, Grammar, Vocabulary Habit of Speech or Writing No amount of instruction Usually occurs when… Not children/native language ~ Adults/additional languages No interference w/communication Example Vietnamese teenager Verb declination Contrast with “Interlanguage” Temporary Natural Fossilization: Nonstandard, permanent Importance to teachers Sources: Richards, Platt & Platt (2005), Longman Dictionary of Language Teaching and Applied Linguistics Virginia Technical Institute (2005), “Language Fossilization” Southern Illinois University Carbondale (2005), “Experiential Skills for Future Grammar Teachers”

USEFUL PHRASES FOR THIS TYPE OF PRESENTATION Part 1: Introducing the field, the term, and its definition (using adjective clauses) Introducing Your Topic:  Today, we’re going to be talking about ________, a term that is used in {field].  Today, I’d like to talk about __________________ as it relates to [field]. Introducing Your Definition:  In order to understand the material that we will cover today, we need to define the term. X is…  Let me give you a [basic/general] definition. X is defined as…  We will define the term ___ in the following way: X is…  In this field, the term X refers to______. Using Adjective Clauses to Provide Information about a Term: 1. Term + BE + Classifying Noun + Adjective Clause Adjective Clause Term BE + Classifying Noun The DINOSAUR is a prehistoric animal that scientists discovered through excavations . A MAMMAL Is a class of warm blooded which have, in the female, milk-secreting organs for animals feeding the young A REFERENDUM is an occasion when you vote in order to make a decision about a particular subject, rather than voting for a person . 2. Classifying Noun + Adjective Clause + BE called + TERM BE called + TERM Classifying Noun Adjective Clause The average annual income is called PER CAPITA INCOME. that a particular population earns Clouds t hat produce precipitation, such as are called NIMBUS CLOUDS. rain or hail, 3. TERM + BE defined as / BE a type of + Classifying Noun + Adjective Clause TERM BE defined as + Classifying Noun Adjective Clause SITUATIONAL STRESS is defined as the stress which comes from the things and people around you.

USEFUL PHRASES (continued) Part 2: Giving examples, descriptions, and explanations to further illustrate the term. Illustrating further: Giving Examples :  It is important that you understand what  Let me give [you] an example: ____. _______________ [means/is] because...  To better understand this, we might, for  X usually occurs when…. example, [look at/compare/examine] ___  This example might help you understand __  ___ was first used / introduced / discovered...  Some common forms of _____ are...  _____ is used in / for...  Some problems caused by/associated with Topic ideas? _____ are... Here are some student topics Clarifying: from previous semesters:  To be certain the term is clear, let me explain it in another way. data mining  Let me put it another way/ Let me rephrase: ….. synapse  In other words,…. tumorgenesis hedge fund  It is important to contrast X with …. asthma  .., which are significant/important because… photochemical smog plasma Part 3: Restating the definition & statistical interference ending with a general comment about fertility rate its importance. kidney dialysis Closing Your Presentation: image deblurring  In conclusion,...( restate term and definition) biomarker End with a general statement GM food ~ So those are some of the major… ~ So it is important to understand…. ~ As you can see, X is a crucial part of….