FOREST and Future Development of the Nobeyama 45-m Telescope - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

FOREST and Future Development of the Nobeyama 45-m Telescope Tetsuhiro MINAMIDANI Nobeyama Radio Observatory NaConal Astronomical Observatory of Japan

Outline • FOREST – Season 2015-2016 – PreparaCons for Season 2016+ • Future Development of the Nobeyama 45-m Telescope – post FOREST March. 07, 2016 RX Workshop 2015 (Minamidani) 2

Nobeyama 45-m Telescope Nobeyama Radio Observatory (NRO) • Diameter: 45m • Surface accuracy: 100um rms • 9 Receivers • Frequency coverage: 20 – 116GHz • Beam size: 15” @ 115GHz • PoinCng accuracy: ~ 3” • Main beam efficiency: ~ 0.41 @ 115GHz • Aperture efficiency: ~ 0.36 @ 115GHz March. 07, 2016 RX Workshop 2015 (Minamidani) 3

Current System OPEN USE Internal Use Commissioning Antenna OpCcs Receiver IF chain Backend H22 ConCnuum BE H40 Old IF AOS S40 45m Z45 T70 ROACH Switch S80 SAM45 S100 TZ PolariS New IF FOREST VLBI BE March. 07, 2016 RX Workshop 2015 (Minamidani) 4

“FOREST” FOur beam REceiver System on 45-m Telescope 4-beam x 2-pol.(H/V) x 2-sideband = 16 IFs • Beam separaCon ~ 50” • Beam size ~ 15” @ 115GHz • IF: 4-12 (4-11) GHz è simultaneous 12CO, 13CO, • C18O observaCon Dewar rotaCon system to track same sky posiCon • March. 07, 2016 RX Workshop 2015 (Minamidani) 5 (Minamidani et al. in prep.)

FOREST FOur beam REceiver System on 45m-Telescope • 4-beam x 2 pol. x 2SB = 16IF • Beam separaCon ~ 50” • IF 4 – 12 (4-11) GHz Receiver BEARS TZ FOREST # of Beams 25 2 (1) 4 Sidebands DSB 2SB 2SB PolarizaCon Single Dual Dual IF freq. [GHz] 2 – 2.6 4 – 8 4 – 12 (11) Trx (SSB) [K] ~ 160 ~ 50 ~50 Tsys (SSB) [K] ~ 600 ~ 200 ~ 200 Mapping Eff. 1 0.72 2.9 March. 07, 2016 RX Workshop 2015 (Minamidani) 6

Season 2015-2016 • Updates: – Co-axial IF cables in Dewar: Replaced • “Dip” is disappeared – CLAN Bias circuit: Replaced – IF chains: Tuned – Control System: Replaced • Timeline: – Oct. 13: Installed to the 45-m Telescope – Set-up, Commissioning – Dec. 22: Started Legacy ObservaCons – Jan. 06: Started Open Use ObservaCons March. 07, 2016 RX Workshop 2015 (Minamidani) 7

Season 2015-2016 • Status: – 45-m Status Report • hqp://www.nro.nao.ac.jp/~nro45mrt/html/prop/ status/Status_R15.html – FOREST wiki CSV • hqps://www.nro.nao.ac.jp/~nro-devel/secure/wiki/ forest/index.php?FOREST%2FDevelopment%2FCSV • （要 ID/password ） – Tsys • 250 K @ 12CO (~ 115GHz) • 150 K @ 13CO, C18O (~ 110GHz) – IRR ~ 10 dB March. 07, 2016 RX Workshop 2015 (Minamidani) 8

Tsys / IRR TZ FOREST H 201503071153-TZ1H-USB-110G+115G 30 800 IRR beam1 beam2 700 Tsys 25 600 20 IRR (dB) 500 Tsys (K) 15 400 300 10 200 5 100 0 0 109 110 111 112 113 114 115 116 117 RF (GHz) beam3 beam4 青： Tsys 黒： IRR 201503071153-TZ1V-USB-110G+115G V 30 800 IRR beam1 beam2 700 25 Tsys 600 20 500 IRR (dB) Tsys (K) 15 400 300 10 200 5 100 0 0 109 110 111 112 113 114 115 116 117 RF (GHz) beam3 beam4 March. 07, 2016 RX Workshop 2015 (Minamidani) 9

Beam Map Beam size ~ 19” @ 86GHz SeparaCon ~ 50” Beam1 Beam4 Beam3 Beam2 March. 07, 2016 RX Workshop 2015 (Minamidani) 10

Season 2015-2016 • Issues on Cooling System – He gas leak • He lines between compressor and cold-head ? • Charge He gas every week / every two weeks – Temperature fluctuaCon • depend on combinaCons of compressor and cold-head ? • Temperature fluctuaCon is not so large (50-100mK), but… • Affected to IF signal level and spectral baseline March. 07, 2016 RX Workshop 2015 (Minamidani) 11

Test ObservaCon 12CO 13CO C18O Orion A Horsehead Nebula 1 deg x 1deg x 2 regions ~ 5 hours March. 07, 2016 RX Workshop 2015 (Minamidani) 12 (Minamidani, FOREST CSV Team et al. in prep.)

PreparaCons for Season 2016+ • Development of Wideband SIS Mixers @ ATC – OKY100 (Kozuki et al. ) TRX（DSB） 【K】） TRX（DSB） 【K】） ２００ ２００ @f LO =100GHz @f LO =100GHz 雑音温度 １５０ １５０ １００ １００ ５０ ５０ 20[K] 20[K] ０ ０ ４ ６ ８ １０ １２ ４ ６ ８ １０ １２ １４ IF Frequency [GHz]） １４ IF Frequency [GHz] – Replace SIS Mixers next summer • Replace to 67-116GHz SIS Mixers ?! March. 07, 2016 RX Workshop 2015 (Minamidani) 13

Future Development of the Nobeyama 45-m Telescope Nobeyama Radio Observatory (NRO) • Diameter: 45m • Surface accuracy: 100um rms • 9 Receivers • Frequency coverage: 20 – 116GHz • Beam size: 15” @ 115GHz • PoinCng accuracy: ~ 3” • Main beam efficiency: ~ 0.41 @ 115GHz • Aperture efficiency: ~ 0.36 @ 115GHz March. 07, 2016 RX Workshop 2015 (Minamidani) 14

Current System OPEN USE Internal Use Commissioning Antenna OpCcs Receiver IF chain Backend H22 ConCnuum BE H40 Old IF AOS S40 45m Z45 T70 ROACH Switch S80 SAM45 S100 TZ PolariS New IF FOREST VLBI BE March. 07, 2016 RX Workshop 2015 (Minamidani) 15

Recent Issues & AcCons • Antenna – Replacing sub-ref. servo system (FY2015 done) – Surface adjustment (FY2015 done) OpCcs • – Put (SCck) metal foils to M2 and M3 (FY2015 done) – Replace mirror switching, chopper wheel mechanisms (FY2015 - 2017) Receiver – IF - Backend • – So many frontends è Decommissioning of S40, S80, S100, TZ • S40: Low demand(?) / Replace H40/Z45 CLNA to wider one? • S80/S100: A{er checking consistency among 3mm RXs (FY2015-2016) • TZ: FOREST covers TZ capability (Deep integraCon, ON-ON mode) (FY2015-2016) – Commissioning of Z45 to open to community (Season2015-2016) – Decommissioning of Old IF system • Check consistency between AOS and SAM45 (Season2015-2016) • New/Relocate ConCnuum Backend (FY2015 - 2016) – Applying 3-bit linearity correcCon to OCTAD-A + SAM45 spectrometer (FY2015) – Commissioning of SAM45 spectral window mode (Season2015-2016) – Commissioning of ROACH spectrometer (Season2015-2016) Monitor & Control • – Expand remote observaCon – Metrology system March. 07, 2016 RX Workshop 2015 (Minamidani) 16

Near Future System OPEN USE Internal Use Commissioning Antenna OpCcs Receiver IF chain Backend H22 ConCnuum BE H40 45m Z45 T70 ROACH Switch SAM45 PolariS New IF FOREST VLBI BE March. 07, 2016 RX Workshop 2015 (Minamidani) 17

Future Development • OpCons/Candidates: – More beams (pixels) ? • Heterodyne Array ? – More spectrometers (bandwidth) ? • ROACH (FPGA) spectrometer ? • GPU spectrometer (e.g., KASI developing ) ? – ConCnuum Camera ?? – VLBI at millimeter wavelengths ? • CooperaCon with other projects and/or universiCes is essenCal. March. 07, 2016 RX Workshop 2015 (Minamidani) 18

Summary • FOREST – Performance is improved – Provided to Open Use ObservaCon • Future Developments of the Nobeyama 45-m Telescope – Nobeyama 45-m Telescope: One of the largest radio telescope which covering 20 – 115GHz. – On-going/planned updates will be finished in coming 2-3 years • These will improve observing efficiency by factor ~ 7 – OpCons/Candidates: • More beams (pixels) ? • More spectrometers (bandwidth) ? • ConCnuum Camera ?? • VLBI in millimeter wavelengths ? • etc. ? – Highly depend on the demands from community. – CompeCCve ? – CooperaCon with universiCes and/or other projects in NAOJ is essenCal. March. 07, 2016 RX Workshop 2015 (Minamidani) 19