UNCLASSIFIED Foreign Humanitarian Aid (FHA) Management Col Mike Silven US Marine Forces Pacific UNCLASSIFIED 1
UNCLASSIFIED FHA MANAGEMENT AGENDA • FHA Strategic/Operational Framework & USPACOM’s Commander’s Intent • USPACOM FHA Timeline • FHA Planning • MAGTF – The USPACOM force of choice UNCLASSIFIED 2
UNCLASSIFIED FHA Strategic Framework • Host Nation (HN) must request US Government (USG) assistance in the form of a Disaster Declaration Cable from the US Embassy to the Department of State (DOS) • Under US Law, to set a formal disaster relief operation in motion, the cable must meet three criteria: 1) The disaster must be beyond the abilities of the HN 2) The HN must formally request US assistance 3) Such assistance must be in the strategic interests of the US • DOS is the USG Lead Federal Agency for FHA. USAID/OFDA coordinates the USG response and HN Request for Assistance (RFA) through the DOS. • DOS submits a formal RFA to Department of Defense (DOD) sourcing. SecDef approved DOD operations are of short duration for urgent needs that cannot be met by the HN or the International Community (IC) • DOD has no direct legal of fiduciary authority to initiate emergency FHA operations with two exceptions: UNCLASSIFIED 3
UNCLASSIFIED FHA Strategic Framework (cont.) 1. Emergency relief operations at the scene of the crisis in order to save lives, prevent human suffering of mitigate great property damage (usually initial 72 hours) 2. CDRUSPACOM approves assistance to HN in support of the Theater Security Cooperation (TSC) Plan. Operations must be regarded as essential relief operations to bolster the legitimacy of the HN government. The Executive Secretariat Process State Department Host Nation Step 1: USAID/OFDA Validates Request Drafts Request Request for Support from 1 US Embassy 2 Step 2: Request Transmitted to DOD DUSD/CMO Step 3: Request Approved and DOD & Response Sent 3 Staffs request with The Joint Staff appropriate offices 4 Step 4: Order Issued Regional Command UNCLASSIFIED 4
UNCLASSIFIED FHA Operational Framework MISSION On order, USPACOM supports HN and DOS Requests for Assistance by conducting FHA operations in order to safeguard lives, alleviate human suffering, and mitigate great property damage. I III FHA Crisis II IV V Mission Phases Assessment Deployment Transition Redeployment Operations & Initial Response LOGISTIC SUPPORT Military Endstate: Lives safeguarded, EMERGENCY MEDICAL CARE human suffering Alleviated, and Host LOOs HUMANITARIAN ASSISTANCE / DISASTER RELIEF SUPPLIES Nation /International Community effectively providing CIVIL ENGINEERING / IMAGERY SUPPORT necessary aid without U.S. military support SECURITY (AS REQUIRED) CONTINUOUSLY SHAPE CONDITIONS FOR TRANSITION • DOD provides only unique capabilities in support of FHA • Each unique capability will be transitioned via one of three options • HN/UN Agency / IO / NGO assumes responsibility • US/AID/OFDA coordinates for interagency / HN contract • DOD capability no longer required (non-transferable) • Assuming additional missions may undermine USAID/OFDA and HN legitimacy UNCLASSIFIED 5
UNCLASSIFIED USPACOM COMMANDER’S INTENT PURPOSE: Assist the affected nation(s) and or humanitarian agencies in minimizing human suffering while an affective system of aid is established and placed into operations. METHOD: • Launch a team to the HN/US Embassy to develop SA • Establish and maintain linkage to Tier 1 offices working in the HN RFA • Quickly gain and maintain situational clarity. Aggressively pursue Unity of Effort • Work diligently with DOS to establish advantageous entry conditions and clear exit conditions • We will tailor the response, deployment, application, and redeployment of joint forces based on mission requirement to maintain the smallest footprint as practicable • The US Ambassador will be the senior USG decision-maker in terms of execution and termination of DOD support ENDSTATE: Lives safeguarded, human suffering alleviated, and HN/International Community can effectively provide necessary aid without U.S. military support UNCLASSIFIED 6
UNCLASSIFIED Notional FHA Timeline DOS USAID Decisions RFA to Deploy Embassy DOD DART Cable COCOM Decisions D Day D+1 D+2 D+3 D+ X……….. Phase 1 – Initial Response DOS Request for DOD assistance J33 1 2 must be Signed by SECDEF FHA 48-72 hour process SAG Authorities J35 & EXORD 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 OPT # Decision Points Status 1 Deployment of HAST/PSAT/Initial Response Assets (w/in 72 hrs) OSC Auth. (Mitigate Human Suffering) 2 Auth. the employment of USPACOM HA/DR Contingency Supplies COCOM CDR APPROVAL 3 ID of Service Component/JTF HQ for Operational Planning & C2 COCOM CDR APPROVAL 4 Establish JOA COCOM CDR APPROVAL 5 Send Assessment Teams to JOA to Link-up with USAID/OFDA DART COCOM CDR APPROVAL 6 ID of Forces/Supplies to support Official DOS to DOD RFAs COCOM CDR APPROVAL 7 Request for Additional Forces not assigned to USPACOM SECDEF Approval 8 Auth. for OHDACA Funds and Utilization of Airlift for Non-DOD PAX SECDEF Approval 9 Request USPACOM augmentation from Interagency/UN/Foreign Nat. COCOM CDR Approval UNCLASSIFIED 7
UNCLASSIFIED USPACOM FHA PROCESS J33 Responsibilities J33 Disaster USPACOM FHA Process SAG Situational Assessment Group JOC (SAG) • Monitor the situation for CCIR trip • Establish the JOC Crisis Page • Contact Service Components, JTFs, JIATF-W, to • Condense and post the PACOM POC list identify any ongoing / current operations in the area for specific country/region • Verify closest surface, air, ground assets that could • Orient the Common Operating Picture respond to the crisis (COP) as required • Determine casualties, especially AMCITS • Assemble primary staff members and • Contact the DATT or ODC rep at Embassy for LNOs to assess the situation and make assessment recommendations for courses of action • Notify J3 and appropriate staff or current information, (COAs) make recommendation for Situation Assessment Group • Recommendation for Ops Planning (SAG) Team (OPT) • Notify NMCC • Determine best means to establish SA; consider deploying Planner Support and Survey Team (PSAT) • Consider alerting and repositioning forces UNCLASSIFIED 8
UNCLASSIFIED USPACOM FHA PROCESS J35 Responsibilities J33 FHA USPACOM FHA Process Authorities SAG & EXORD J35 Responsibilities 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 • Review of Embassy Cables Notification of • Coordinate with resident USAID/OFDA rep Emerging FDR • Socialize FDR with Joint Staff / OSD • Determine USPACOM tasks • Receive SAG from J33 Convene • Overview of Current Operations (J33 / USAID) OPT • Develop initial options (Svc capabilities, logistics) • Develop initial FHA EXORD Draft (J33 rep) • Overview of Current Operations (J33 / USAID) Reconvene • Refine / Validate initial FHA options OPT • Review / Incorporate USPACOM Staff inputs • Finalize FHA draft CONOP • Country Team validates Ambassador requests Country Team • Refine draft CONOP with Country Team input Conference Call COCOM CONOP • CDRUSPACOM approves FHA CONOP • J3 Submits CONOP to JS / OSD Approval • CDRUSPACOM VOCO force movements as required • Finalize USPACOM EXORD pending SECDEF authorities UNCLASSIFIED 9
UNCLASSIFIED Key Decision Points 3 • Identify the service component and JTF 5 • Identify & Deploy the Planner Support and Survey Teams • Service Component HAST team or equivalent • Personnel to augment the JTF / Component HQ or Survey Teams • MPAT, SJFHQ, Corps of Engineer FEST-A Teams etc. 6 • Identify what the official DOS Request for Assistance requires from DOD Lines of Operation Examples of Military Support Helicopter Lift, Port Opening (Air/Sea) LOGISTIC SUPPORT CASEVAC, Trauma Care EMERGENCY MEDICAL CARE Water, Emergency Shelter, Rations, HA / DR SUPPLIES Generators, Communications Expeditionary Bridging. Road Clearing, CIVIL ENGINEERING / IMAGERY SUPPORT Temp Shelter, Imagery USG Asset Security, Distribution Security SECURITY (AS REQUIRED) A MAGTF is very well suited to initially support the Lines of Operation UNCLASSIFIED 10
UNCLASSIFIED Recent MAGTF FHA Operations Here are just a few: • 2004-2005 Tsunami Relief effort – III MEF: Combined Support (CSF) Force Commander • 2006 Leyte Mudslides – III MEF / 3 rd MEB • 2007 Bangladesh Cyclones – 3 rd MEB • 2008 Cyclone Nargis, Burma relief effort – MARFORPAC, 3 rd MEB and 31 st MEU • 2010 Typhoons and subsequent flooding in the Republic of the Philippines – 3 rd MEB, 31 st MEU • 2010 Haiti Earthquake relief effort – 22 nd MEU UNCLASSIFIED 11
UNCLASSIFIED Keys to FHA Operations • Interoperability – Information Sharing – Websites, Email, Social Networking – Agile communications – bridging technology – Understand the key players, and how to plug in – HN, USAID/OFDA, UN, IOs, NGOs • Understanding the Mission – Know the need (requirements) – Know what the transition plan should be early, strive to work towards that plan UNCLASSIFIED 12
UNCLASSIFIED Foreign Humanitarian Aid (FHA) Management WRAP UP QUESTIONS? UNCLASSIFIED 13
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