for representing and analyzing problem situations with computer - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

INSA STRASBOURG GRADUATE SCHOOL OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY A R C H I T E C T S + E N G I N E E R S OTSM Network of Problems for representing and analyzing problem situations with computer support Nikolai Khomenko Nikolai.khomenko@gmail.com Roland De Guio roland.deguio@insa-strasbourg.fr IFIP CAI 2007 Nikolai Khomenko & Roland De Guio. OTSM Network of Problems. IFIP CAI 2007 1

Summary What is Classical TRIZ and OTSM 1. Structure of the theories a. Evolution of the model of problem solving process. b. OTSM Network of Problems (NofP) 2. General overview of NofP: main functions and rules of a. creating the semantic network. Where Computer could help. b. Flow Chart of the NofP development. c. Short example of real life application. 3. Some new opportunities for research and application. 4. Negotiations for mutual benefits. a. Problem Management = b. Problem Solving + Knowledge management R&D planning: Forecasting, Strategy, Tactics, Everyday c. activity. Conclusion. 5. Nikolai Khomenko & Roland De Guio. OTSM Network of Problems. IFIP CAI 2007 2

“TRIZ is a tool for thinking but not instead of thinking”.  G. Altshuller Nikolai Khomenko & Roland De Guio. OTSM Network of Problems. IFIP CAI 2007 3

Part 1. WHAT IS CLASSICAL TRIZ & OTSM Nikolai Khomenko & Roland De Guio. OTSM Network of Problems. IFIP CAI 2007 4

Why OTSM & TRIZ instruments work efficiently? (Some components of this process and its evolution we will discuss today and focus on OTSM Network of Problems) Conventional process Most Initial Desirable Problem Solution 2 Solution 1 Result Situation Advancement OTSM-TRIZ process IFIP CAI 2007 5 Nikolai Khomenko & Roland De Guio. OTSM Network of Problems.

Nikolai Khomenko & Roland De Guio. OTSM Network of Problems. IFIP CAI 2007 6

...Knowledge-worker productivity is the biggest of the 21 st century management challenges. In the developed countries it is their first survival requirement. In no other way can the developed countries hope to maintain themselves, let alone to maintain their leadership and their standards of living. ….. Making knowledge workers productive requires changes in basic attitude - whereas making the manual worker more productive only required telling the worker how to do the job. And making knowledge workers productive requires changes in attitude, not only on the part of the individual knowledge worker but on the part of the whole organization. It therefore has to be "piloted“ – as any major change should be. Peter Drucker Management Challenges for the 21-st century 1999. How the basic attitude could be changed and in what direction? IFIP CAI 2007

Structure of an applied scientific theory  A Key Problem to be solved by the theory.  Key Assumptions were done to solve the problem or to answer the Question – axioms, postulates, paradigms.  Key Models that is used by the theory in order to create instruments for practical needs.  System of Instruments that could be applied for practical needs and obtain satisfactory results. Nikolai Khomenko & Roland De Guio. OTSM Network of Problems. IFIP CAI 2007 8

What make problem Difficult? Before developing instruments for problem solving we should clarify what is a Problem. Here it is presented some results of research was done in the course of OTSM evolution. 9

Reaction on some novelties appeared in XX century?  "This 'telephone' has too many shortcomings to be seriously considered as a means of communication. The device is inherently of no value to us." --Western Union internal memo, 1876.  "The wireless music box has no imaginable commercial value. Who would pay for a message sent to nobody in particular?" --David Sarnoff's associates in response to his urgings for investment in the radio in the 1920s.  International Business Machine (IBM) will newer develop electronic computers. -- From Reply of IBM company to John Vincent Atanasoff about the first electronic computer he proposed to the company in 1938.  "There is no reason anyone would want a computer in their home." --Ken Olson, president, chairman and founder of Digital Equipment Corp., 1977 INSA Strasbour, AMID, Main cours of OTSM and TRIZ: Module 7 IFIP CAI 2007 2007 April 10 16-20

Why a Non-Typical (Creative) Problem appear? …The problems that exist in the world today cannot be solved by the level of thinking that created them... attributed to Albert Einstein WANTED! 1. New thinking technology for non typical problem solving process. 2. Dynamic self evolving mind is required to survive in the world of accelerated rapid changes.. INSA Strasbour, AMID, Main cours of OTSM and TRIZ: Module 7 IFIP CAI 2007 2007 April 11 16-20

Typical Recommendation widely advised: “Think big and bold. Our future depend on it.” Final recommendation of the IBM study about effective Innovation. 2006 Question of my daughter when she was 4 years old: “Think? But How?” IFIP CAI 2007

Author of TRIZ, OTSM and TRTL Genrich ALTSHULLER: “ Trial and Error Method today is considered as a synonym for Creativity. To increase productivity of intellectual work scientific approach should be applied…. “ Altshuller start this scientific research in 1946. He was 20 years old… 1949 – First results and letter to Stalin. 1950 - Arrested. Sentence 25 years in prison. 1950 – 1954 – Gulag. First TRIZ application for non engineering real life problem solving. October 15, 1926 September 24, 1998 INSA Strasbourg, AMID, Main course of OTSM and TRIZ: Module 7 IFIP CAI 2007

Key Problems Classical TRIZ OTSM  How decries to decrease  How should be organized amount of useless trials domain free, universal and errors during solving instrument for problems non typical problem but solving that could be not degrade quality of an efficiently applied for obtained conceptual various non typical solution? problem situations to obtain useful for practice satisfactory solution? Nikolai Khomenko & Roland De Guio. OTSM Network of Problems. IFIP CAI 2007 14

Key Assumptions Classical TRIZ OTSM  Objective Laws of  Models are used during engineering system thinking process. Problem evolution do exist and arise when typical, could be used for traditional models could problem solving. not be used and should be changed.  Contradiction show the root of problem. It should  Group 1: Axioms on be disclosed and thinking process. resolved.  Group 2: Axioms on  Specific Situation provide World Vision us with recourses that should be used to solve a problem. Nikolai Khomenko & Roland De Guio. OTSM Network of Problems. IFIP CAI 2007 15

OTSM Axiom of models Root-Cause of many Disagreements Everybody describe their perception about something from their own standing point. INSA Strasbourg, AMID, Main course of OTSM and TRIZ: Module 7 IFIP CAI 2007

Key Models Classical TRIZ OTSM  ENV Fractal model is a tool  System Operator instrument to describe to describe components of a components of a problem problem situation and situation. harmonize relationships between various instruments  Classical TRIZ Model of for problem solving: ENV – Problem Solving Process Element, Name of property, dedicated to develop and Value of the property. organize other problem solving instruments into  OTSM Fractal Model of whole system efficient for Problem Solving Process solving problem and dedicated to manage a develop thinking skills problem solving process and further. harmonize application of various instruments . “Tongs” Model u “Hill” model u “Parallel” model u IFIP CAI 2007 17 Nikolai Khomenko & Roland De Guio. OTSM Network of Problems.

The Key Instruments Classical TRIZ OTSM  For Typical Problems:  For small Problem Standards situations u Pointers of Effects (dozen of sub-problems): u Mechanisms of Convergence New Problem Technology u u Etc. Typical Solution Technology u u Contradiction Technology  For Non Typical u Problem flow Technology u Problems: ARIZ  For complex problems u (hundreds sub-problems) Problem Flow Networks u Approach IFIP CAI 2007 18 Nikolai Khomenko & Roland De Guio. OTSM Network of Problems.

Classical TRIZ System Operator model Anti-System Hierarchy that challenge anti Super Sys Sub Time Past Present Future IFIP CAI 2007 19 Nikolai Khomenko & Roland De Guio. OTSM Network of Problems.

Classical TRIZ Problem Solving Process: “Tongs” Model A Barrier (Contradiction) that prevent from An Initial Situation A Most Desirable Achievement of the (IS) DESCRIPTION Result Most Desirable Result A Conceptual Solution INSA Strasbour, AMID, Main cours of OTSM and TRIZ: Module 7 IFIP CAI 2007 20

Classical TRIZ problem solving process:“Hill” model (This model was in use before ARIZ-85-C) Level of generalization Problem Typical solution IFIP CAI 2007 21 Nikolai Khomenko & Roland De Guio. OTSM Network of Problems.

Classical TRIZ Problem Solving Process: Parallel Model (Classical TRIZ problem solving Model since ARIZ-85-C) Parts 1 and 2 of ARIZ Standards or have liner structure with cycles. other typical ( Just most common cycles are shown ) tools 1.7 1.1 1.2 1.3 2.1 2.2 2.3 1.4 1.5 1.6 IFIP CAI 2007 22 Nikolai Khomenko & Roland De Guio. OTSM Network of Problems.