Fed Forum The Foreign-Born Population in Upstate New York James Orr Research and Statistics Group Federal Reserve Bank of New York November 29, 2007 1
Outline • Immigration trends • Characteristics of the foreign-born in the upstate economy • Looking ahead: Policy issues for upstate New York 2
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Table 1a Total and Foreign-Born Populations: 2000 Area Total Foreign-Born, (000s) (000s) (% of Total) United States 281,422 31,108 (11.1) New York State 18,976 3,868 (20.3) New York City 8,008 2,871 (35.8) Upstate New York 4,300 203 (4.7) Albany 1,000 44 (4.4) Buffalo 1,170 51 (4.4) Rochester 1,098 63 (5.7) Syracuse 1,032 45 (4.3) Source: U.S. Census Bureau, SF-1, SF-3, and Census 1990, STF-1, STF-3. Note: Albany includes the Albany-Schenectady-Troy and Glens Falls metropolitan statistical areas (MSA); Buffalo is the Buffalo-Niagara MSA; Rochester is the Rochester MSA; Syracuse includes the Syracuse and Utica-Rome MSA’s; upstate New York includes all six MSAs. 4
Table 1b Change in Total, Native-Born and Foreign-Born Populations:1990-2000 Change in population (000s) Area Total* Native-Born Foreign-Born United States 32,712 (13.2) 21,371 11,341 (57.3) New York State 986 (5.5) -30 1,016 (35.6) New York City 686 (9.4) -102 788 (37.8) Upstate New York 10 (0.2) -10 20 (11.1) Albany 20 (2.0) 16 4 Buffalo -19 (-1.6) -18 -1 Rochester 36 (3.4) 26 10 Syracuse -27 (-2.5) -34 7 Source: U.S. Census Bureau, SF-1, SF-3, and Census 1990, STF-1, STF-3. Note: Albany includes the Albany-Schenectady-Troy and Glens Falls metropolitan statistical areas (MSA); Buffalo is the Buffalo-Niagara MSA; Rochester is the Rochester MSA; Syracuse includes the Syracuse and Utica-Rome MSA’s; upstate New York includes all six MSAs. *Percentage change in population in parentheses. 5
Chart 1a Region of Origin of Foreign-Born Residents in U.S., 2000 Percent Percent 60 60 50 50 40 40 30 30 20 20 10 10 0 0 Latin America Asia Europe Canada/Other Source: U.S. Census Bureau, Census 2000, STF-3 . 6 Note: Upstate includes six metropolitan statistical areas; Albany-Schenectady-Troy, Buffalo- Niagara, Glens Falls, Rochester, Syracuse, and Utica-Rome.
Chart 1b Total Lawful Permanent Admissions, by Admissions Category, 2004 Other Diversity Based 5% Refugees and 5% Asylum-Seekers 8% Immediate Relatives of U.S. Citizens 43% Employment-Based 16% Preference 23% Family-Based Preference Source: Congressional Budget Office based on Department of Homeland Security, Office of Immigration Statistics, 2004 Yearbook of Immigration Statistics (January 2006). 7 Note: In 2004, there were 946,142 permanent admissions.
Chart 1c Region of Origin of Foreign-Born Residents, 2000 Percent Percent 60 60 Latin America Latin America Asia Asia 50 50 Europe Europe Canada/Other Canada/Other 40 40 30 30 20 20 10 10 0 0 United States New York City Upstate New York Source: U.S. Census Bureau, Census 2000, STF-3. Note: Upstate includes six metropolitan statistical areas; Albany-Schenectady-Troy, Buffalo-Niagara, Glens Falls, 8 Rochester, Syracuse, and Utica-Rome.
Chart 2 Region of Origin of Foreign-Born Arrivals, 1980- 2000 Percent Percent 60 60 Latin America Latin America Asia Asia 50 50 Europe Europe Canada/Other Canada/Other 40 40 30 30 20 20 10 10 0 0 United New York Rochester Albany Syracuse Buffalo States City Source: U.S. Census Bureau, Census 2000, Five Percent Public Use Microdata Sample. Note: Upstate includes six metropolitan statistical areas; Albany-Schenectady-Troy, Buffalo-Niagara, Glens Falls, 9 Rochester, Syracuse, and Utica-Rome.
Chart 3 Foreign- and Native-Born Residents Aged Twenty-Five and Over with a Bachelor’s Degree or Higher, 2000 Percent Percent 60 60 Foreign Foreign Native Native 50 50 40 40 30 30 20 20 10 10 0 0 Buffalo Cleveland Detroit Rochester Albany Syracuse United New York States City Source: U.S. Census Bureau, Census 2000, Five Percent Public Use Microdata Sample. Note: The foreign-born are arrivals from 1980-2000. Upstate includes six metropolitan statistical areas; Albany- 10 Schenectady-Troy, Buffalo-Niagara, Glens Falls, Rochester, Syracuse, and Utica-Rome.
Chart 4 Foreign- and Native-Born Residents Aged Twenty-Five and Over without a High School Degree, 2000 Percent Percent 60 60 Foreign Foreign Native Native 50 50 40 40 30 30 20 20 10 10 0 0 Syracuse United Albany New York Detroit Rochester Buffalo Cleveland States City Source: U.S. Census Bureau, Census 2000, Five Percent Public Use Microdata Sample. Note: The foreign-born are arrivals from 1980-2000. Upstate includes six metropolitan statistical areas; Albany- 11 Schenectady-Troy, Buffalo-Niagara, Glens Falls, Rochester, Syracuse, and Utica-Rome .
Potential Impacts on the Upstate Economy • Increase competition with native-born workers • Expand output through complementarities with native-born occupations, particularly in some key sectors • Add to the region’s population and brain gain • Provide an impetus for economic growth 12
Table 2 Top Ten Occupations of Foreign- and Native-Born Workers Aged Twenty-Five and Over in Upstate New York, 2000 _______________________________________________________________________________________ Foreign-Born Native-Born _______________________________________________________________________________________ Post-secondary teachers Secretaries and administrative assistants Nursing, psychiatric, and home Elementary and middle-school teachers health aides Physicians and surgeons Registered nurses Miscellaneous assemblers Drivers/sales workers and truck drivers and fabricators Registered nurses Managers of retail sales workers Computer software engineers Retail salespersons Janitors and building cleaners Nursing, psychiatric, and home health aides Cooks Janitors and building cleaners Laborers and materials movers Customer service representatives Other production workers Managers of offices and administrative support workers Source: U.S. Census Bureau, Census 2000, Five Percent Public Use Microdata Sample. 13 Note: Occupations in bold are unique to the foreign-born. The foreign-born are arrivals from 1980 to 2000. Individuals without earnings are excluded. Upstate New York includes six metropolitan statistical areas; Albany-Schenectady-Troy, Buffalo-Niagara, Glens Falls, Rochester, Syracuse, and Utica-Rome.
Table 3 Top Ten Occupations of Foreign- and Native-Born Workers with a Bachelor’s Degree or Higher and Aged Twenty-Five and Over in Upstate New York, 2000 _______________________________________________________________________________________ Foreign-Born Native-Born _______________________________________________________________________________________ Post-secondary teachers Elementary and middle-school teachers Physicians and surgeons Registered nurses Computer software engineers Post-secondary teachers Elementary and middle-school teachers Accountants and auditors Registered nurses Secondary-school teachers Computer programmers Lawyers Managers, all other Managers, all other Physical scientists, all other Social workers Medical scientists Physicians and surgeons Computer scientists Education administrators and system analysts Source: U.S. Census Bureau, Census 2000, Five Percent Public Use Microdata Sample. Note: Occupations in bold are unique to the foreign-born. The foreign-born are arrivals from 1980 to 2000. Individuals without earnings are excluded. Upstate New York includes six metropolitan statistical areas; Albany-Schenectady-Troy, Buffalo-Niagara, Glens Falls, Rochester, Syracuse, and Utica-Rome. 14
Looking Ahead • What role can immigrants to upstate New York play in the region’s population and economy? • Should policies be used to facilitate immigration to upstate New York? If so, what types of policies might be effective? 15
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