fathers and fathering in the era of mass incarceration
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Fathers and Fathering in the Era of Mass Incarceration Christopher Wildeman Yale University May 24, 2012 Goals for this talk Social patterning. Effects on families. Policy implications. Goals for this talk Social patterning.

  1. Fathers and Fathering in the Era of Mass Incarceration Christopher Wildeman Yale University May 24, 2012

  2. Goals for this talk ◮ Social patterning. ◮ Effects on families. ◮ Policy implications.

  3. Goals for this talk ◮ Social patterning. ◮ Effects on families. ◮ Policy implications.

  4. Goals for this talk ◮ Social patterning. ◮ Effects on families. ◮ Policy implications.

  5. Goals for this talk ◮ Social patterning. ◮ Effects on families. ◮ Policy implications.

  6. Social patterning ◮ Historically novel. ◮ Comparatively extreme. ◮ Highly concentrated. ◮ Accumulates.

  7. Social patterning ◮ Historically novel. ◮ Comparatively extreme. ◮ Highly concentrated. ◮ Accumulates.

  8. Social patterning ◮ Historically novel. ◮ Comparatively extreme. ◮ Highly concentrated. ◮ Accumulates.

  9. Social patterning ◮ Historically novel. ◮ Comparatively extreme. ◮ Highly concentrated. ◮ Accumulates.

  10. Social patterning ◮ Historically novel. ◮ Comparatively extreme. ◮ Highly concentrated. ◮ Accumulates.

  11. Imprisonment Rate (Per 100,000 Population) 0 100 200 300 400 500 1940 U.S. Imprisonment Rates, 1925−1973 1960 Year 1980 2000

  12. Imprisonment Rate (Per 100,000 Population) 0 100 200 300 400 500 1940 U.S. Imprisonment Rates, 1925−2006 1960 Year 1980 2000

  13. United States 800 ●●●●●●● ● ● 600 ●● ● Incarceration Rate ● ● ● ● ● 400 ● ● ● ● ●● 200 0 1985 1995 2005 Year

  14. United States United Kingdom 800 800 ●●●●●●● ● ● 600 ●● 600 ● Incarceration Rate Incarceration Rate ● ● ● ● ● 400 400 ● ● ● ● ●● 200 200 ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● 0 0 1985 1995 2005 1990 1995 2000 Year Year

  15. United States United Kingdom Spain 800 800 800 ●●●●●●● ● ● 600 ●● 600 600 ● Incarceration Rate Incarceration Rate Incarceration Rate ● ● ● ● ● 400 400 400 ● ● ● ● ●● 200 200 200 ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● 0 0 0 1985 1995 2005 1990 1995 2000 1990 1995 2000 2005 Year Year Year

  16. United States United Kingdom Spain 800 800 800 ●●●●●●● ● ● 600 ●● 600 600 ● Incarceration Rate Incarceration Rate Incarceration Rate ● ● ● ● ● 400 400 400 ● ● ● ● ●● 200 200 200 ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● 0 0 0 1985 1995 2005 1990 1995 2000 1990 1995 2000 2005 Year Year Year Netherlands 800 600 Incarceration Rate 400 200 ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● 0 1985 1990 1995 2000 Year

  17. United States United Kingdom Spain 800 800 800 ●●●●●●● ● ● 600 ●● 600 600 ● Incarceration Rate Incarceration Rate Incarceration Rate ● ● ● ● ● 400 400 400 ● ● ● ● ●● 200 200 200 ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● 0 0 0 1985 1995 2005 1990 1995 2000 1990 1995 2000 2005 Year Year Year Netherlands Denmark 800 800 600 600 Incarceration Rate Incarceration Rate 400 400 200 200 ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● 0 0 1985 1990 1995 2000 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 Year Year

  18. United States United Kingdom Spain 800 800 800 ●●●●●●● ● ● 600 ●● 600 600 ● Incarceration Rate Incarceration Rate Incarceration Rate ● ● ● ● ● 400 400 400 ● ● ● ● ●● 200 200 200 ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● 0 0 0 1985 1995 2005 1990 1995 2000 1990 1995 2000 2005 Year Year Year Netherlands Denmark Austria 800 800 800 600 600 600 Incarceration Rate Incarceration Rate Incarceration Rate 400 400 400 200 200 200 ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● 0 0 0 1985 1990 1995 2000 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 1990 1995 2000 2005 Year Year Year

  19. U.S. Imprisonment Rates by Gender, 1925−2003 1000 Total ● Imprisonment Rate (Per 100,000 Population) 800 600 ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● 400 ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● 200 ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● 0 1940 1960 1980 2000 Year

  20. U.S. Imprisonment Rates by Gender, 1925−2003 1000 Total ● Male ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● Imprisonment Rate (Per 100,000 Population) 800 ● ● ● ● ● 600 ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● 400 ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● 200 ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● 0 1940 1960 1980 2000 Year

  21. U.S. Imprisonment Rates by Gender, 1925−2003 1000 Total ● Male ● ● ● ● ● ● ● Female ● ● Imprisonment Rate (Per 100,000 Population) 800 ● ● ● ● ● 600 ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● 400 ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● 200 ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● 0 1940 1960 1980 2000 Year

  22. Percent of men incarcerated on any day by race and age, 2006 White Black Latino 18-19 0.9 5.4 2.1 20-24 1.7 10.7 4.2 25-29 1.7 11.7 3.9 30-34 1.9 11.2 3.7 35-39 1.6 9.8 3.1 40-44 1.4 8.0 2.6 45-54 0.7 4.4 1.8 55+ 0.2 0.8 0.5

  23. Percent of men incarcerated on any day by race and age, 2006 White Black Latino 18-19 0.9 5.4 2.1 20-24 1.7 10.7 4.2 25-29 1.7 11.7 3.9 30-34 1.9 11.2 3.7 35-39 1.6 9.8 3.1 40-44 1.4 8.0 2.6 45-54 0.7 4.4 1.8 55+ 0.2 0.8 0.5

  24. Percent of men incarcerated on any day by race and age, 2006 White Black Latino 18-19 0.9 5.4 2.1 20-24 1.7 10.7 4.2 25-29 1.7 11.7 3.9 30-34 1.9 11.2 3.7 35-39 1.6 9.8 3.1 40-44 1.4 8.0 2.6 45-54 0.7 4.4 1.8 55+ 0.2 0.8 0.5

  25. Percent of men incarcerated on any day by race and age, 2006 White Black Latino 18-19 0.9 5.4 2.1 20-24 1.7 10.7 4.2 25-29 1.7 11.7 3.9 30-34 1.9 11.2 3.7 35-39 1.6 9.8 3.1 40-44 1.4 8.0 2.6 45-54 0.7 4.4 1.8 55+ 0.2 0.8 0.5

  26. Percent of men incarcerated on any day by race and age, 2006 White Black Latino 18-19 0.9 5.4 2.1 20-24 1.7 10.7 4.2 25-29 1.7 11.7 3.9 30-34 1.9 11.2 3.7 35-39 1.6 9.8 3.1 40-44 1.4 8.0 2.6 45-54 0.7 4.4 1.8 55+ 0.2 0.8 0.5

  27. Risk of imprisonment by age 30-34: Men born 1945-49, 1970-74 Born 1945-49 Born 1970-74 All White Men 1.2 2.8 All Non-College 1.8 5.1 HS Dropout 4.2 14.8 HS Only 0.7 4.0 Some College 0.7 0.9 All Black Men 9.0 22.8 All Non-College 12.1 30.9 HS Dropout 14.7 62.5 HS Only 10.2 20.3 Some College 4.9 8.5

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