Failures, Latency and Happy Eyeballs Contributions Takeaway - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

Motivation Vaibhav Bajpai March 20, 2019 https://doi.org/10.1109/TNET.2019.2895165 March 2019 IEEE/ACM Transactions on Networking Garching bei München, Germany NetSys 2019 (Invited Talk) Technische Universität München Failures, Latency and Happy Eyeballs Contributions Takeaway Content Caches Latency IPv6 Preference Partial Failures Complete Failures CDN Penetration 1 / 15 A Longitudinal View of Dual-stacked Websites −

Motivation Do users experience benefjt (or sufger) from web shaded region represents the duration of the longitudinal study. Contributions over IPv6 evolved over years? tribute to the difgerence? How has content delivery What factors con- content delivery over IPv6? 2 / 15 Motivation Complete Failures Takeaway Content Caches Latency IPv6 Preference Partial Failures CDN Penetration Google IPv6 Adoption ▶ Literature focus largely on IPv6 adoption. 30% 24% ▶ Very little work on measuring IPv6 performance. 18% 12% 6% 0% 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 Google IPv6 Adoption 25% 20% 01 04 07 10 13 16 19 22 25 28 Nov 2018 ▶ 1 ⁄ 4 of connections to Google are made over IPv6. ▶ IPv6 penetration more in home deployments. ∼ 100 dual-stacked SamKnows probes ( ∼ 66 origin ASes)

Motivation Takeaway of web content delivery over IPv6. Tiis is the fjrst study to provide a longitudinal view (6 years) Contributions Research Contributions 3 / 15 Content Caches Latency IPv6 Preference Partial Failures Complete Failures CDN Penetration ▶ Penetration of Content Delivery Networks (CDNs) ▶ Latency, Failures and Happy Eyeballs ▶ IP Path Lengths and Content Cache Deployments ▶ Relevance: ▶ Network operators in early stages of IPv6 deployment. ▶ Content providers to see how their service delivery over IPv6 compares to IPv4. ▶ Drive related standards work in the IETF.

Motivation Content Caches Contributions Content Delivery Networks (CDNs) Takeaway 4 / 15 Latency CDN Penetration Partial Failures Complete Failures IPv6 Preference ALEXA 10K with AAAA entries 1.0 0.8 0.6 IPv6 CDF 0.4 0.2 ALEXA 1M with AAAA entries 0.0 20.0% W6D W6LD 1.0 10.0% 0.8 IPv4 CDF 0.6 0.0% 0.4 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 0.2 0.0 0% 20% 40% 60% 80% 100% ▶ CDN Penetration 1 ⁄ 5 of 1M websites announce AAAA entries (2019). ▶ Cloudfmare added AAAA entries for all websites [1]. Cloudflare Akamai Google Total ▶ Cloudfmare’s impact (shaded) > W6D (or W6LD). ▶ CDNs play a leading role in technology adoption. ▶ Leading players: CDNs serve (2018) more than 1 ⁄ 2 of 10K websites. 1. Cloudfmare ( ∼ 35%) 2. Google ( ∼ 16%) and 3. Akamai ( ∼ 9%)

Motivation Content Caches Failures in content delivery over IPv6 have reduced to 2% Contributions Complete Failures Takeaway 5 / 15 Latency Complete Failures CDN Penetration IPv6 Preference Partial Failures www.bing.com 100 ALEXA 1M with AAAA entries 0 W6D W6LD 40.0% www.detik.com HTTP Failure 400 20.0% 200 0.0% TCP Connect Times (ms) 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 www.engadget.com ▶ Failures reduced from 40% (2009) to 2% (2019). 100 0 www.nifty.com Failing AAAA Websites (3.7K) 400 1.0 [Jan '19] 0.8 200 CCDF 0.6 0.4 www.sakura.ne.jp 0.2 350 0.0 300 250 0.1K 1K 10K 100K 1000K 200 ALEXA Rank 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 IPv6 IPv4 ▶ 88% failing websites rank > 100K. ▶ 1% rank < 10K, fjve websites rank < 300.

Motivation overestimation of IPv6 adoption numbers Contributions IPv4 W6LD Success Rate (%) Webpage # tools that identify such partial failures failures can be deemed IPv6-ready 6 / 15 Content Caches Latency Takeaway CDN Penetration IPv6 Preference Partial Failures Partial Failures Complete Failures IPv6 ( ↓ ) 01 www.bing.com 0 100 ✓ ALEXA top 100 websites with AAAA entries. 02 www.detik.com 0 100 ✓ 03 www.engadget.com 0 100 ✓ ▶ 27% show some rate of failure over IPv6. 04 www.nifty.com 0 100 05 www.qq.com 0 100 ▶ 9% exhibit more than 50% failures over IPv6. 06 www.sakura.ne.jp 0 100 07 www.flipkart.com 09 99 ✓ 08 www.folha.uol.com.br 13 100 1.0 09 www.aol.com 48 100 IPv6 (100) 0.8 ✓ 0.6 IPv4 (100) CDF 10 www.comcast.net 52 100 0.4 ✓ 0.2 11 www.yahoo.com 72 100 ✓ 0.0 12 www.mozilla.org 84 100 ✓ 13 www.orange.fr 86 100 0 20 40 60 80 100 ✓ 14 www.seznam.cz 89 100 Success Rate (%) ✓ 15 www.mobile.de 90 100 ✓ 16 www.wikimedia.org 90 100 ▶ Limiting to root webpage can lead to 17 www.t-online.de 93 100 ✓ 18 www.free.fr 95 100 19 www.usps.com 95 100 ▶ Unclear whether websites with partial 20 www.vk.com 95 100 ✓ 21 www.wikipedia.org 95 100 ✓ 22 www.wiktionary.org 95 100 ▶ ISOC now supporting [2] development of 23 www.elmundo.es 96 100 ✓ 24 www.uol.com.br 96 100 ✓ 25 www.marca.com 97 100 ✓ 26 www.terra.com.br 98 100 ✓ 27 www.youm7.com 99 100

Motivation Takeaway error on DNS resolution Contributions Partial Failures | Root Cause Analysis 7 / 15 Content Caches Partial Failures IPv6 Preference CDN Penetration Complete Failures Latency Website failing over IPv6 Network Level Content Level Service Level www.bing.com (100%) CURLE_OK www.detik.com (100%) CURLE_COULDNT_RESOLVE_HOST www.engadget.com (100%) CURLE_COULDNT_CONNECT www.nifty.com (100%) CURLE_OPERATION_TIMEDOUT www.qq.com (100%) CURLE_GOT_NOTHING www.sakura.ne.jp (100%) CURLE_RECV_ERROR www.flipkart.com (91%) www.folha.uol.com.br (87%) ▶ Failures due to www.aol.com (52%) */css www.comcast.net (48%) */html www.yahoo.com (28%) */javascript, */json www.mozilla.org (16%) */octet-stream www.orange.fr (14%) */plain www.seznam.cz (11%) */rdf image/*, www.mobile.de (10%) */xml www.wikimedia.org (10%) image/* */javascript, www.t-online.de (7%) www.free.fr (5%) */json and SAME ORIGIN www.usps.com (5%) CROSS ORIGIN */css content. www.vk.com (5%) www.wikipedia.org (5%) www.wiktionary.org (5%) www.elmundo.es (4%) www.uol.com.br (4%) www.marca.com (3%) www.terra.com.br (2%) www.youm7.com (1%) 0 30 60 90 0 30 60 90 0 30 60 90 Contribution (%) ▶ Failures silently exist; clients do not notice them due to IPv4 fallback. ▶ Identifjcation of operational issues relevant for upcoming IPv6-only networks

Motivation Partial Failures | Root Cause Analysis Contributions Webpage # default for all same-origin webpage elements. that belong to the same origin source and fail over IPv6. 8 / 15 Takeaway Content Caches CDN Penetration Complete Failures Partial Failures IPv6 Preference Latency Same Origin ( ↓ ) SAME ORIGIN www.bing.com (100%) *.bing.com 01 www.bing.com 100% www.detik.com (100%) *.detik.com 02 www.detik.com 100% www.engadget.com (100%) *.engadget.com www.nifty.com (100%) *.nifty.com 03 www.engadget.com 100% www.qq.com (100%) *.qq.com 04 www.nifty.com 100% www.sakura.ne.jp (100%) *.sakura.ne.jp www.flipkart.com (91%) *.flipkart.com 05 www.usps.com 100% www.folha.uol.com.br (87%) *.uol.com.br 06 www.qq.com 100% www.aol.com (52%) *.aol.com www.comcast.net (48%) *.comcast.net 07 www.sakura.ne.jp 100% www.yahoo.com (28%) *.yahoo.com 08 www.comcast.net 85% www.mozilla.org (16%) *.mozilla.org www.orange.fr (14%) *.orange.fr 09 www.yahoo.com 83% www.seznam.cz (11%) *.seznam.cz 10 www.terra.com.br 74% www.mobile.de (10%) *.mobile.de www.wikimedia.org (10%) *.wikimedia.org 11 www.marca.com 70% www.t-online.de (7%) *.t-online.de 12 www.wikimedia.org 65% www.free.fr (5%) *.free.fr www.usps.com (5%) *.usps.com www.vk.com (5%) *.vk.com 13 www.elmundo.es 37% www.wikipedia.org (5%) *.wikipedia.org www.wiktionary.org (5%) *.wiktionary.org 14 www.vk.com 31% www.elmundo.es (4%) *.elmundo.es 15 www.t-online.de 30% www.uol.com.br (4%) *.uol.com.br www.marca.com (3%) *.marca.com 16 www.youm7.com 24% www.terra.com.br (2%) *.terra.com.br 17 www.wiktionary.org 22% www.youm7.com (1%) *.youm7.com 18 www.wikipedia.org 22% 0 30 60 90 Contribution (%) 19 www.free.fr 13% 20 www.folha.uol.com.br 12% ▶ 12% of websites have more than 50% webpage elements 21 www.mozilla.org 7% 22 www.uol.com.br 7% 23 www.mobile.de 7% 24 www.aol.com 5% ▶ CDN infrastructure does not have IPv6 turned on by 25 www.orange.fr 5% 26 www.seznam.cz 4% 27 www.flipkart.com 1%