Exploring the Benefits of Increased Dietary Protein for Improved - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

Exploring the Benefits of Increased Dietary Protein for Improved Appetite Control, Satiety, and Weight Management Heather J. Leidy, PhD Associate Professor Clinical Research Center/Bionutrition (CTSI) Director Dept. of Nutrition Science Purdue University hleidy@purdue.edu

Assembling the Pieces Proposed Benefits • Improve: - Weight Management - Fitness/Performance Higher Protein • Reduce risk of: Diets - Sarcopenia - Type 2 Diabetes - Cardiovascular Disease - Obesity - Metabolic Syndrome

Assembling the Pieces Proposed Benefits • Improve: Reduced Intake - Weight Management - Fitness/Performance Higher Weight Fat Protein Loss Loss • Reduce risk of: Diets - Sarcopenia Lean - Type 2 Diabetes Mass Retention - Cardiovascular Disease - Obesity - Metabolic Syndrome

Higher Protein Diets Improve Wt. Management * * * Modified from: Wycherley TP, 2012; AJCN; 96: 1281-98

Higher Protein Diets Prevent Weight Re-gain * * Modified from: Larsen TM, (2010); NEJM; 363: 2102-2113; Damsgaard CT (2013); JN; 143(6): 810-817;Aller EE, et al; IJO; 38(12); 1511-1517; 2014

Higher Protein Diets Reduce Daily Intake Free-living, Ad Libitum Feeding Trial 12 wks of a high protein diet (30%) with ad libitum carbohydrates Weigle et al. 2005 Am J Clin Nutr; 41-48

Assembling the Pieces Proposed Benefits • Improve: Reduced - Weight Management Intake - Fitness/Performance Higher Weight Fat Protein Loss Loss • Reduce risk of: Diets - Sarcopenia Lean - Type 2 Diabetes Protein Mass Synthesis - Cardiovascular Disease Retention - Obesity - Metabolic Syndrome 1.2-1.6 g protein·kg -1 ·d -1 See Review: Leidy HJ et al.; AJCN; Epub; 2015; Apr 29; ajcn084038

Ingestive (Eating) Behaviors

Ingestive (Eating) Behaviors

Ingestive (Eating) Behaviors

Ingestive (Eating) Behaviors

Ingestive (Eating) Behaviors

Ingestive (Eating) Behaviors

Ingestive (Eating) Behaviors Appetitive sensations Homeostatic Signals Environmental Stimuli

Ingestive (Eating) Behaviors Environmental Stimuli

Appetite Control & Satiety Acute meal studies in adults providing meals as Normal Protein (NP): 13-20 g vs. High Protein (HP): 28-50 g * HP vs. NP; p<0.01 AUC* AUC* Modified from: Leidy et al. 2007 Obesity; 1215-1225; Leidy et al. 2010; Obesity; 18(9): 1725-1732

Appetite Control & Satiety Acute meal studies in adults providing meals as Normal Protein (NP): 13-20 g vs. High Protein (HP): 28-50 g * HP vs. NP; p<0.01 * * AUC AUC* Modified from: Leidy et al. 2007 Obesity; 1215-1225; Leidy et al. 2010; Obesity; 18(9): 1725-1732

Food Cravings Acute meal studies in adults providing meals as Normal Protein (NP): 13-20 g vs. High Protein (HP): 28-50 g Post-meal Activation (NP > HP) Insula Pre-frontal (food cravings) (executive control) Modified from: Leidy, 2011 Obesity 19(10): 2019-2025; Hoertel H, 2014; Nutrition J 13:80

Key Protein Factors Proposed Benefits Daily Satiety Appetite Intake Weight High Protein Key Fat Loss Diets Loss Food Form Factors Lean Protein Mass Synthesis Retention 1.2-1.6 g protein·kg -1 ·d -1

Protein Quantity (meal-specific) Retrospective analysis of fullness following 350 kcal meals containing 15-30 g protein *all Modified from: Paddon-Jones & Leidy Curr Opin Clin Nutr Metab Care; 2013 17: 5-11

Protein Quality (Practical Significance: Common Portion Sizes)

Protein Quality (Practical Significance: Amount to Achieve 30 g)

Protein Food Form (Beverages/Shakes vs. Solid Foods) Acute meal studies providing high protein meals as beverages vs. solid foods & reduce daily intake by 15% (300 kcals) * Leidy et al., 2010; Int J Obes; 1-9; Leidy et al., 2011; Brit J Nutr; 106; 37-41; Mourao et al, Int J Obesity; 2007; 1688-1695

Behavioral/Environment Components Sub-chronic energy restriction study in overweight women 30 g protein/meal + within meal ad libitum CHO and Fat intake Breakfast Unpublished Data

Behavioral/Environment Components Sub-chronic energy restriction study in overweight women 30 g protein/meal + within meal ad libitum CHO and Fat intake Unpublished Data

Timing of Protein Consumption-Breakfast Fullness following high protein Breakfast Consumption breakfast, lunch, vs dinner meals NHANES Data assess protein distribution * all (p<0.05) Leidy; British J Nutrition; 2009; 101: 798-803; Paddon-Jones D, 2016; AJCN Epub

Timing of Protein Consumption-Breakfast Fullness following high protein Breakfast Consumption breakfast, lunch, vs dinner meals NHANES Data assess protein distribution * all (p<0.05) Leidy; British J Nutrition; 2009; 101: 798-803; Paddon-Jones D, 2016; AJCN Epub

Benefits of a High Protein Breakfast Studies in Overweight ‘Breakfast - skipping’ Young Adults Normal Protein vs. High Protein Breakfasts Meal Breakfast Normal High Characteristics Skipping Protein Protein Meal Type N/A RTECs Prepared Energy Content (kcal) 0 350 350 CHO/Protein/Fat (%) 0 65/15/20 40/40/20 Total Protein (g) 0 13 35 CHO (g) 0 57 35 Fat (g) 0 8 8 HP Breakfast NP Breakfast 2 oz lean meat; 2 servings eggs 1 ½ servings of dairy

High Protein Breakfast – Acute Effects Acute Crossover Studies in Overweight ‘Breakfast - skipping’ Adolescents 7 days/pattern (6 acclimation + 1 testing day) Leidy, HJ, 2013; AJCN 97(4): 677-688

High Protein Breakfast – Acute Effects Acute Crossover Studies in Overweight ‘Breakfast - skipping’ Adolescents 7 days/pattern (6 acclimation + 1 testing day) Leidy, HJ, 2013; AJCN 97(4): 677-688

High Protein Breakfast – Acute Effects Acute Crossover Studies in Overweight ‘Breakfast - skipping’ Adolescents 7 days/pattern (6 acclimation + 1 testing day) Leidy, HJ, 2013; AJCN 97(4): 677-688

High Protein Breakfast & Satiety Breakfast Skipping Normal Protein Different letters denote sig., High Protein p<0.05 c b a BS NP HP Modified from: Leidy, HJ, 2013; AJCN 97(4): 677-688

High Protein Breakfast – Summary Compared to Skipping &/or a NP breakfast, a HP breakfast: Daily fullness Daily satiety-stimulating PYY Daily hunger & desire to eat Unhealthy evening snacking on high Daily hunger-stimulating ghrelin fat/sugar foods by ~ 200 kcals Evening brain-driven food cravings Modified from: Leidy, HJ, 2013; AJCN 97(4): 677-688

High Protein Breakfast & Wt. Management Extended the previous work to complete a 12-wk RCT comparing Breakfast Skipping (BS), Normal Protein (NP), & High Protein Groups Changes in Fat Loss Changes in Daily Intake Modified from: Leidy HJ; Obesity; Sep;23(9):1761-4; 2015

New Research Areas: • 40% of adults in the US experience poor sleep, and/or daytime sleepiness • Sleep deprivation has been associated with increased daily food intake, primarily as evening snacking & a shift towards shipping breakfast Tanaka, H., et al., Psych Clin Neurosciences, 2002. 56(3): p. 235-236; Kant, A.K.; AJCN 2014. 100(3): p. 938-947

High Protein Breakfast & Sleep Acute Study in adults (Ages 20-32 y) examining sleep health with 7 days: Breakfast Skipping or High Protein (HP) Breakfast (30 g protein) 7-day Sleep Health Actigraphy Modified from: Gwin J. Oral Presentatiom; Experimental Biology 2017; Protein & Health implications

High Protein Breakfast & Sleep Acute Study in adults (Ages 20-32 y) examining sleep health with 7 days: Breakfast Skipping or High Protein (HP) Breakfast (30 g protein) 7-day Sleep Health †denotes a trend Gwin J. Oral Presentatio; Experimental Biology 2017; Protein & Health implications

Summary

“Protein @ BREAKFAST Challenge” 350 kcal (30 g Pro / 40 g CHO / 8 g Fat) Steak & Egg Burrito Egg & ‘Sausage’ Scramble 1 whole egg + 1 egg (white) 1 whole egg + 1 egg (white) 2 oz flank steak 2 oz 90/10 ground beef ‘sausage’ ½ cup peppers & onions ½ serving low fat cheese 2 slices whole wheat bread dry 1 whole wheat tortilla 3-4 orange slices 1 TBSP salsa 20 grapes

“Protein @ BREAKFAST Challenge” 350 kcal (30 g Pro / 40 g CHO / 8 g Fat) ‘Parfait’ Oatmeal Bake 1 ¼ cups low-fat Greek yogurt 1 cup oatmeal plain or low-fat cottage cheese 1 scoop of banana (or vanilla) 6 TBSP Special K protein powder Protein Plus cereal 1 oz honey + 1 oz honey 1 TBSP peanut butter 1/4 cup blueberries 1 cup berries

If it could only be this easy Thanks to his pop-up fullness indicator, Andy was able to leave the table satisfied, not stuffed Heather J. Leidy, PhD Associate Professor Dept. of Nutrition Science Purdue University 573-825-2620 hleidy@purdue.edu