nd An CR CRC C 2 nd Annual Mee eeting: g: Feb ebruary 1 1 – 3, 3, 2017, 2017, C Chapel H Hill, NC NC Experimental and Numerical Study to Improve Damage and Loss Estimation due to Overland Wave and Surge Hazards on Near-Coast Structures John van de Lindt Daniel Cox Colorado State University Oregon State University Kevin Cueto, Diego Delgado, Trung Do, Ben Hunter, Tori Johnson, Hyoungsu Park, Willliam Short CRC 2nd Annual Meeting The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill Feb. 1-3, 2017
Introduction Pr Project Overview Objective 1: Quantify surge/wave forces on near-coast structures and develop new predictive equations. Objective 2: Develop the conditional probabilities (fragilities) for exceeding key thresholds. Objective 3: Illustrate next-generation risk- informed design. CRC 2nd Annual Meeting The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill Feb. 1-3, 2017
Introduction Exi xisting FEMA Damage Predictions Predicted Damage: 72% Predicted Damage 60% Case 1: Case 2: • Freeboard=-2.7 m • Freeboard=-1.5 m • Damage: Interior water damage, minimal • Damage: 100% structural damage • Significant Wave Height: 1.37 m • Significant Wave Height: 0.99m CRC 2nd Annual Meeting The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill Feb. 1-3, 2017
Introduction Te Technical Approach Task 1: Hydraulic model test program at OSU (Yr 1) and data analysis (Yr 1, 2). Task 2: Numerical model program at CSU. Verification (Yr 1) and fragility development (Yr 1, 2). Task 3: Develop performance based design examples to illustrate methodology for engineering practice (Yr 2). CRC 2nd Annual Meeting The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill Feb. 1-3, 2017
Research Accomplishments Task 1: Hydraulic model test program Hurricane Ike 2008 / Bolivar Peninsula, TX Observed surge and wave action: Offshore significant wave height: 5.8 m Storm surge: 4.3 m Inundation: 4.2-4.7 m Estimated overland waves: 1.9 m CRC 2nd Annual Meeting The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill Feb. 1-3, 2017
Research Accomplishments First comprehensive measurements of wave forces on elevated Geometric scale 1:10 residential structures Wave height: 0.10 < H < 0.50 m Inundation: 0.40 m Simplifying Assumptions Specimen dimensions: 1.02 x 1.02 x 0.61 m • No substructure Froude similitude 1:3.16 No sediments, scour • Wave period: 2.5 < T < 5.0 s No debris • No currents • CRC 2nd Annual Meeting CRC 2nd Annual Meeting The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill Feb. 1-3, 2017 Feb. 1-3, 2017
Research Accomplishments Barrier island Bay Gulf of Mexico CRC 2nd Annual Meeting The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill Feb. 1-3, 2017
Research Accomplishments Barrier island Bay Gulf of Mexico CRC 2nd Annual Meeting The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill Feb. 1-3, 2017
Research Accomplishments CRC 2nd Annual Meeting The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill Feb. 1-3, 2017
Research Accomplishments CRC 2nd Annual Meeting The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill Feb. 1-3, 2017
Research Accomplishments CRC 2nd Annual Meeting The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill Feb. 1-3, 2017
Research Accomplishments Exp. TMA REG TRAN " $ H S T P h Dur. 𝐼 𝑈 h Dur. A T R h t s (m) (s) (m) (min) (m) (s) (m) (min) (m) (s) (m) (s) X1 0.10 3.72 2.15 40.0 0.10 4.10 2.15 4.00 0.51 36.4 2.00 10.0 X2 0.19 3.86 2.15 40.0 0.21 4.10 2.15 4.00 0.34 51.0 2.00 15.0 X3 0.29 4.10 2.15 40.0 0.29 4.10 2.15 4.00 0.28 87.2 2.00 20.0 X4 0.40 4.10 2.15 40.0 0.40 4.10 2.15 4.00 0.21 109 2.00 25.0 X5 0.50 3.86 2.15 40.0 0.50 4.10 2.15 4.00 0.18 117 2.00 30.0 X6 0.16 2.52 2.15 25.0 0.16 2.52 2.15 2.50 0.16 120 2.00 35.0 X7 0.21 2.98 2.15 30.0 0.23 2.98 2.15 3.00 0.14 154 2.00 40.0 X8 0.25 3.28 2.15 35.0 0.26 3.64 2.15 3.50 0.13 162 2.00 45.0 X9 0.34 4.68 2.15 45.0 0.35 4.68 2.15 4.50 X10 0.39 5.04 2.15 50.0 0.42 5.04 2.15 5.00 - Data are hosted on NSF DesignSafe-CI for public access CRC 2nd Annual Meeting The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill Feb. 1-3, 2017
Research Accomplishments CRC 2nd Annual Meeting The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill Feb. 1-3, 2017
Research Accomplishments a (m) Air Gap REG TRAN cases TMA a 0 -0.40 -0.25 a 1 -0.30 -0.15 a 2 -0.20 -0.05 a 3 -0.10 0.05 a 4 -0.05 0.10 a 5 0.00 0.15 a 6 0.05 0.20 a a 7 0.10 0.25 a 8 0.20 0.35 SWL a 9 0.28 0.43 CRC 2nd Annual Meeting The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill Feb. 1-3, 2017
Research Accomplishments Horizontal Force Effects of Air Gap on Horizontal, Vertical Forces - Horizontal force increases as air gap decreases. - The maximum vertical force is found when the air gap is zero. Vertical - In some cases vertical force can Force exceed horizontal force - There are limited provision in FEMA 55 or ASCE 7-16 to estimate these forces CRC 2nd Annual Meeting The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill 15 Feb. 1-3, 2017
Education and Outreach Participation in SUMREX program Kevin Cueto; Diego Contributed to October 2016 Delgado7-week summer program at HWRL feature article on CRC page Thank you, Josh! CRC 2nd Annual Meeting The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill Feb. 1-3, 2017
Research Accomplishments Task 2: Numerical model program at CSU. Verification (Yr 1) and fragility development (Yr 1, 2). Model verification using existing data • - Tsunami loads on wood-frame wall at full scale test by Linton et al. (2013) - Uplift forces on a large scale bridge superstructure by Bradner et al. (2011) - Elevated Structure Impact test at OSU (2016) CRC 2nd Annual Meeting The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill Feb. 1-3, 2017
Research Accomplishments Calibrating model using wood-frame wall at full scale test 0.065 m 2.44 m Wood wall 3.58 m 3.58 m Wave maker Location 2 Tsunami wave Location 1 3.58 m v 1 = v (z,t) 3.66 m 2.44 m 2.44 m Location 3 3.6 m 1:12 1.85 m 1.85 m 2.5m 25.4 m 7.3m 0.5m 2.36 m c) 35.7 m top face p=0 3.66 m 0.33 m 0.33 m 3.66 m Location 3 Flume wall 2.36 m 2.36 m 7.0 m Displacement (Location 3) flow-out Flume botom face, p=0 Load cells (Supports) bottom face: v 3 =0 Empty material sea water material side face, v 2 =0 flow-in face, v 1 =v(z,t) Sketch of transverse Numerical model of Numerical of wave flume and wood wall wood wall in flume wood wall CRC 2nd Annual Meeting The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill Feb. 1-3, 2017
Research Accomplishments Comparing numerical results and tested data Compare flux (d), total horizontal force (e) at Compare deep water wave height at location 1 (a), running up wave height(b) and velocity (c) location 2, and deflection at mid span of the wall (location 3) In front of the wall (location 2) CRC 2nd Annual Meeting The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill Feb. 1-3, 2017
Research Accomplishments Model verification with uplift loads Compare result for total uplift on Analysis of failure mechanics: total uplift exceed the bridge between model and test self-weight of bridge superstructure causing failure CRC 2nd Annual Meeting The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill Feb. 1-3, 2017
Research Accomplishments Elevated Structure Impact test at OSU (2016) Locations of pressure gauges Numerical model of flume and elevated structure in wave flume Locations of wave gauges CRC 2nd Annual Meeting The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill Feb. 1-3, 2017
Research Accomplishments Video showing wave impact on elevated structure CRC 2nd Annual Meeting The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill Feb. 1-3, 2017
Research Accomplishments Comparing wave heights at wage gausses CRC 2nd Annual Meeting The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill Feb. 1-3, 2017
Research Accomplishments Comparing results at pressure gauges CRC 2nd Annual Meeting The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill Feb. 1-3, 2017
Research Accomplishments Task 2: Numerical model program at CSU. Verification (Yr 1) and fragility development (Yr 1, 2). Archetype 1 Fragility development • 23 x 50 ft (7x15m), Rectangle, 1-story 3 Building archetypes are selected from 6 residential wood • building archetypes of the hurricane wind project Archetype 2 Set up numerical model and collect total uplift and shear as • 38 x 52 ft well as force on components such as doors, windows, and (12x16m), 2-story walls Establish damage states based on damage of components • such as door, windows, and nails connection of wood walls. Archetype 3 Generate fragility surfaces based on both significant wave • 38 x 65 ft heights and flood levels (12x20m), 2-story CRC 2nd Annual Meeting The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill Feb. 1-3, 2017
Research Accomplishments Building models • The buildings are modeled in ANSYS Fluent • Piles rising from 0, 1m, 2m, and 3m, from the ground • TMA spectrum for hurricane waves with 𝐼 " = 1, 2 , and 3 m, which can cover up to 12m significant wave height in deep water, and wave peak period, 𝑈 $ , from 8s to 14s • Surge (SWL, food) levels ℎ = 1, 2, and 3m Archetype 1 With 3-m elevated pile from ground CRC 2nd Annual Meeting The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill Feb. 1-3, 2017
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