802.16 IP Telephony Lab Exhaustion of IPv4 Address in 2010 Exhaustion of IPv4 Address in 2010 Associate Professor Dr. Quincy Wu solomon@ipv6.club.tw Graduate Institute of Communication Engineering National Chi Nan University 1 1 TAC2000/2000.7
802.16 IP Telephony Lab Outline � IP(v4) Address � IP(v4) Address � IP Address Allocation � IP Address Allocation � Introduction to IPv6 � Introduction to IPv6 � 國外現況 � 國外現況 � 標準組織 � 標準組織 � Benefit of IPv6 � Benefit of IPv6 � 其他國家 � 其他國家 � IPv6 Address Allocation � IPv6 Address Allocation 2 2 TAC2000/2000.7
802.16 IP Telephony Lab Current IP(v4) Address � bbs.ptt.cc � bbs.ptt.cc = 140.112.172.11 = 140.112.172.11 � Every node needs a unique IP address to get connected to � Every node needs a unique IP address to get connected to Internet. Internet. 32 = 4 billion, but there are 6.5 billion people on earth. � 2 � 2 32 = 4 billion, but there are 6.5 billion people on earth. � 30 years ago, when hundreds of students and teachers were sharin � 30 years ago, when hundreds of students and teachers were sharing a g a mainframe computer in university campus, this seems to be sufficient. ient. mainframe computer in university campus, this seems to be suffic � 8 � 8- -bit Network ID (totally 256 networks) seems sufficient for the f bit Network ID (totally 256 networks) seems sufficient for the foreseeable oreseeable future. ~ Vint Vint Cerf Cerf future. ~ � 640K ought to be enough for anybody. ~ Bill Gates � 640K ought to be enough for anybody. ~ Bill Gates � When computers become � When computers become “ “personal personal” ”, it implies that each person may , it implies that each person may have a computer. 4 billions is obviously insufficient. have a computer. 4 billions is obviously insufficient. � In the future, any single person may have multiple devices conne � In the future, any single person may have multiple devices connected to cted to Internet (PC, PDA, mobile phone, TV, XBOX, etc.) Internet (PC, PDA, mobile phone, TV, XBOX, etc.) � Fortunately (unfortunately?), only 1 billion of them have access � Fortunately (unfortunately?), only 1 billion of them have access to to Internet now. Internet now. 3 3 TAC2000/2000.7
802.16 IP Telephony Lab IPv4 Address Allocation � Internet Assigned Numbers Authority (IANA) � Internet Assigned Numbers Authority (IANA) � manage the unallocated IPv4 � manage the unallocated IPv4 unicast unicast address pool address pool � Regional Internet Registries ( � Regional Internet Registries (RIRs RIRs) ) – – always receive /8 blocks always receive /8 blocks � ARIN (North America) � ARIN (North America) � RIPE NCC (Europe) � RIPE NCC (Europe) � APNIC (Asia/Pacific) � APNIC (Asia/Pacific) � LACNIC (Latin America) � LACNIC (Latin America) - - 7 November 2002 7 November 2002 � AfriNIC � AfriNIC (Africa) (Africa) - - 8 April 2005 8 April 2005 � National Internet Registries ( � National Internet Registries (NIRs NIRs) ) � JPNIC (Japan) � JPNIC (Japan) � KRNIC (Korea) � KRNIC (Korea) � TWNIC (Taiwan) � TWNIC (Taiwan) 4 4 TAC2000/2000.7
802.16 IP Telephony Lab IANA /8 Allocation in 2005 5 5 TAC2000/2000.7
802.16 IP Telephony Lab Status of /8s IPv4 Addresses in 2007 AfriNIC, 1 Experimental, 16 APNIC, 24 Multicast, 16 Private Use, 1 ARIN, 27 Public Use, 1 LACNIC, 4 IANA Reserved, 48 16 /8 blocks are allocated in two RIPE NCC, 24 years! Central Registry, 94 IP addressing in China and the myth of address shortage IP addressing in China and the myth of address shortage IP addressing in China and the myth of address shortage IP addressing in China and the myth of address shortage http://www.apnic.net/news/hot-topics/index.html#ip-addressing 6 6 TAC2000/2000.7
802.16 IP Telephony Lab Deceleration & Acceleration in Growth 7 7 TAC2000/2000.7
802.16 IP Telephony Lab Allocation of /16 Addresses in APNIC ���� ���� ���� ���� ���� ��� ��� ���� ��� ��� ��� �� � �� �� �� �� �� �� Updated on 2008.03.27 ftp://ftp.apnic.net/pub/stats/apnic/ 8 8 TAC2000/2000.7
802.16 IP Telephony Lab Some Universities Have a Class B � inetnum � inetnum : 140.112.0.0 : 140.112.0.0 - - 140.112.255.255 140.112.255.255 � netname � netname: T : T- -NTU.EDU.TW NTU.EDU.TW- -NET NET � descr � descr: National Taiwan University : National Taiwan University � descr � descr: Taipei Taiwan : Taipei Taiwan � country: TW � country: TW � admin � admin- -c: c: AN187 AN187- -TW TW � tech � tech- -c: c: AN187 AN187- -TW TW � mnt � mnt- -by: by: MAINT MAINT- -TW TW- -TWNIC TWNIC � remarks: This information has been partially mirrored by APNIC f � remarks: This information has been partially mirrored by APNIC from rom remarks: TWNIC. To obtain more specific information, please use the the remarks: TWNIC. To obtain more specific information, please use remarks: TWNIC whois whois server at server at whois.twnic.net whois.twnic.net. . remarks: TWNIC � changed: � changed: chuang@mail.moe.gov.tw chuang@mail.moe.gov.tw 19900324 19900324 � status: ASSIGNED NON � status: ASSIGNED NON- -PORTABLE PORTABLE � source: TWNIC � source: TWNIC 9 9 TAC2000/2000.7
802.16 IP Telephony Lab Some Organizations Have a Class A � 009/8 IBM 009/8 IBM 1992- -08 08 1992 � � 013/8 Xerox Corporation 013/8 Xerox Corporation 1991- -09 09 1991 � � 015/8 Hewlett 015/8 Hewlett- -Packard Company Packard Company 1994- -07 07 1994 � � 017/8 Apple Computer Inc. 017/8 Apple Computer Inc. 1992- -07 07 1992 � � 018/8 MIT 018/8 MIT 1994- -01 01 1994 � � 019/8 Ford Motor Company 019/8 Ford Motor Company 1995- -05 05 1995 � � 041/8 041/8 AfriNIC AfriNIC 2005- -04 04 2005 � � 196/8 196/8 AfriNIC AfriNIC 1993- -05 05 1993 � http://www.iana.org./assignments/ipv4-address-space 10 10 TAC2000/2000.7
802.16 IP Telephony Lab It is harder to get a complete /16 now! � www.csie.mcu.edu.tw � www.csie.mcu.edu.tw = 210.59.106.65 = 210.59.106.65 � inetnum � : 210.59.104.0 - - 210.59.107.255 210.59.107.255 inetnum : 210.59.104.0 � netname � netname: MCU : MCU- -TY TY- -NET NET � descr � descr: Ming : Ming- -Chuan Chuan University(Taoyuan University(Taoyuan Campus) Campus) � descr � descr: : Taoyuan Taoyuan Taiwan Taiwan � country: TW � country: TW � admin � admin- -c: c: AM7 AM7- -TW TW � admin � admin- -c: c: AM6 AM6- -TW TW � tech � tech- -c: c: AM7 AM7- -TW TW � mnt � mnt- -by: by: MAINT MAINT- -TW TW- -TWNIC TWNIC � remarks: This information has been partially mirrored by APNIC f � remarks: This information has been partially mirrored by APNIC from rom remarks: TWNIC. To obtain more specific information, please use the the remarks: TWNIC. To obtain more specific information, please use remarks: TWNIC whois whois server at server at whois.twnic.net whois.twnic.net. . remarks: TWNIC � changed: � changed: chuang@mail.moe.gov.tw chuang@mail.moe.gov.tw 20021230 20021230 � status: ASSIGNED NON � status: ASSIGNED NON- -PORTABLE PORTABLE � source: TWNIC � source: TWNIC http://wq.apnic.net/apnic-bin/whois.pl 11 11 TAC2000/2000.7
802.16 IP Telephony Lab IPv4 Lifetime Projections 12 12 TAC2000/2000.7
802.16 IP Telephony Lab The Clock is Ticking! � Projected IANA Unallocated � Projected IANA Unallocated Address Pool Exhaustion: 05- - Address Pool Exhaustion: 05 Mar- -2011 2011 Mar � Projected RIR Unallocated � Projected RIR Unallocated Address Pool Exhaustion: 22- - Address Pool Exhaustion: 22 May- -2012 2012 May On-line IPv4 Address Report: http://www.potaroo.net/tools/ipv4/index.html 13 13 TAC2000/2000.7
802.16 IP Telephony Lab Summary � Network Address Translation Network Address Translation (NAT) and Classless Inter- - (NAT) and Classless Inter � Domain Routing (CIDR) did their jobs and bought the 10 years Domain Routing (CIDR) did their jobs and bought the 10 years needed to get IPv6 standards and products developed. needed to get IPv6 standards and products developed. � Now is the time to recognize the end to sustainable growth of � Now is the time to recognize the end to sustainable growth of the IPv4- -based Internet has arrived based Internet has arrived the IPv4 � It is time to move to IPv6. � It is time to move to IPv6. � These steps will take time � These steps will take time— —in many cases multiple years. in many cases multiple years. � Staff will need to be trained, � Staff will need to be trained, � Management tools will need to be enhanced, � Management tools will need to be enhanced, � Routers and operating systems will need to be updated, � Routers and operating systems will need to be updated, � IPv6 � IPv6- -enabled versions of applications will need to be deployed. enabled versions of applications will need to be deployed. 14 14 TAC2000/2000.7
802.16 IP Telephony Lab IPv4 Address Depletion Hiroshi Esaki, Ph.D. Professor, The University of Tokyo 15 15 TAC2000/2000.7
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