Exemplars of Human Impact Brook Milligan Department of Biology New Mexico State University Las Cruces, New Mexico 88003 brook@nmsu.edu Fall 2009 Brook Milligan Exemplars of Human Impact
Biodiversity and Human Impacts Understanding global patterns of biodiversity requires knowledge of robust ecological patterns. What if extant patterns do not reflect historical ones? What are some examples of impact associated with human occupation? Brook Milligan Exemplars of Human Impact
Expansion of Humans in the Pacific Initiated: prior to 3,000 B.P. in China/Taiwan 3,000 BP: Bismarck Archipelago 2,000 BP: Fiji, Tonga, Samoa 1,500–1,700 BP: Rapa Nui (Easter Island) 1,500 BP: Hawai’i 800 BP: Aoteroa (New Zealand) Brook Milligan Exemplars of Human Impact
World Oceans Brook Milligan Exemplars of Human Impact
Pacific Ocean Brook Milligan Exemplars of Human Impact
Melanesia Brook Milligan Exemplars of Human Impact
Melanesia Brook Milligan Exemplars of Human Impact
Human Impacts in Polynesia Hawai’i 60 species known only from fossils 20–25 species extinct during last 200 years Rapa Nui (Easter Island) Prehistoric Modern Seabirds 22 extinct: 1 extirpated: 12–15 breeding offshore: 8–10 breeding: 1 Land birds 6 E: 6 Ecological relationships Foraging guilds: large frugivore decline Foraging height: ground birds extinct Brook Milligan Exemplars of Human Impact
New Zealand: giant moas Brook Milligan Exemplars of Human Impact
Moai Brook Milligan Exemplars of Human Impact
Anakena Brook Milligan Exemplars of Human Impact
Tukuturi: Kneeling Moai Brook Milligan Exemplars of Human Impact
Rano Raraku Brook Milligan Exemplars of Human Impact
Formation of Volcanic Islands Brook Milligan Exemplars of Human Impact
Distribution of Volcanic Islands and Seamounts Brook Milligan Exemplars of Human Impact
Rapa Nui Brook Milligan Exemplars of Human Impact
Garden Brook Milligan Exemplars of Human Impact
Fossil Palm Nuts Brook Milligan Exemplars of Human Impact
Lava Casts of Palm Trunks Brook Milligan Exemplars of Human Impact
Rano Kau Crater Brook Milligan Exemplars of Human Impact
Rano Kau Crater Pollen Profiles Brook Milligan Exemplars of Human Impact
Changes in Vegetation Patterns Brook Milligan Exemplars of Human Impact
Projected Scenarios Brook Milligan Exemplars of Human Impact
Resource Depletion Brook Milligan Exemplars of Human Impact
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