Example exploration Volcanic eruptions R.W. Oldford
Global Volcanism Problem Volcanoes are a natural phenomenon caused by ruptures in the crust of planets like Earth, which have a molten core. When they erupt, they spew molten material (lava), rocks, hot gases, and ash. They can cause change in the planet, from affecting humans and their activities to causing changes in land mass, weather, and even climate. Interest lies in better understanding volcanism on Earth (and possibly other Earth-like planets). By studying known volcanoes, their eruptions, and physical characteristics, we hope to uncover interesting patterns in volcanic activity that will help us better understand them as a natural phenomenon and an impact on the planet (including us).
Global Volcanism Problem Volcanoes are a natural phenomenon caused by ruptures in the crust of planets like Earth, which have a molten core. When they erupt, they spew molten material (lava), rocks, hot gases, and ash. They can cause change in the planet, from affecting humans and their activities to causing changes in land mass, weather, and even climate. Interest lies in better understanding volcanism on Earth (and possibly other Earth-like planets). By studying known volcanoes, their eruptions, and physical characteristics, we hope to uncover interesting patterns in volcanic activity that will help us better understand them as a natural phenomenon and an impact on the planet (including us). Plan Volcanoes that have affected humans in the past will have been mentioned in the historical records. Plus geologists have now been studying volcanoes for some time. It may even be possible to infer the characteristics of historical eruptions from physical measurements on site. The plan would be to collect all possible measurements on known volcanoes from sources as reliably as we can, with as many physical measurements as possible. Of interest, is to have a much better understanding of volcanic activity from the available data on the physical characteristics of volcanoes.
Global Volcanism Problem Volcanoes are a natural phenomenon caused by ruptures in the crust of planets like Earth, which have a molten core. When they erupt, they spew molten material (lava), rocks, hot gases, and ash. They can cause change in the planet, from affecting humans and their activities to causing changes in land mass, weather, and even climate. Interest lies in better understanding volcanism on Earth (and possibly other Earth-like planets). By studying known volcanoes, their eruptions, and physical characteristics, we hope to uncover interesting patterns in volcanic activity that will help us better understand them as a natural phenomenon and an impact on the planet (including us). Plan Volcanoes that have affected humans in the past will have been mentioned in the historical records. Plus geologists have now been studying volcanoes for some time. It may even be possible to infer the characteristics of historical eruptions from physical measurements on site. The plan would be to collect all possible measurements on known volcanoes from sources as reliably as we can, with as many physical measurements as possible. Of interest, is to have a much better understanding of volcanic activity from the available data on the physical characteristics of volcanoes. Question: What are the target and study populations here?
Global Volcanism Problem Volcanoes are a natural phenomenon caused by ruptures in the crust of planets like Earth, which have a molten core. When they erupt, they spew molten material (lava), rocks, hot gases, and ash. They can cause change in the planet, from affecting humans and their activities to causing changes in land mass, weather, and even climate. Interest lies in better understanding volcanism on Earth (and possibly other Earth-like planets). By studying known volcanoes, their eruptions, and physical characteristics, we hope to uncover interesting patterns in volcanic activity that will help us better understand them as a natural phenomenon and an impact on the planet (including us). Plan Volcanoes that have affected humans in the past will have been mentioned in the historical records. Plus geologists have now been studying volcanoes for some time. It may even be possible to infer the characteristics of historical eruptions from physical measurements on site. The plan would be to collect all possible measurements on known volcanoes from sources as reliably as we can, with as many physical measurements as possible. Of interest, is to have a much better understanding of volcanic activity from the available data on the physical characteristics of volcanoes. Question: What are the target and study populations here? What are the units? That is, what would we be taking measurements on?
Global Volcanism Data The Smithsonian’s “Global Volcanism Program” (GVP) at http://volcano.si.edu/search_eruption.cfm contains several data sources on Volcanoes.
Global Volcanism Data The Smithsonian’s “Global Volcanism Program” (GVP) at http://volcano.si.edu/search_eruption.cfm contains several data sources on Volcanoes. The following files were downloaded March 28, 2017 from this site: ◮ GVP_Volcano_List.csv giving a list of volcanoes, their geology, and the nearby human population ◮ GVP_Eruption_Eruptions.csv identifying volcanoes and the magnitude of their eruptions ◮ GVP_Eruption_Events.csv containing information describing the types of eruptions ◮ GVP_Emission_Activity.csv and GVP_Emission_Details.csv giving information on the sulphur dioxide content of the emissions from many modern volcanic eruptions ◮ GVP_Volcano_List_References.csv and GVP_Eruption_References.csv containing information on literature sources for the volcanoes and their eruptions. (Data source suggested from a poster by Kelly McConville: https://www.causeweb.org/cause/sites/default/files/ecots/ecots16/posters/Kelly_McConvilleAre_Volcanic_Eruptions_Increasing.pdf)
Global Volcanism Data Look first at the eruptions: (eruptions <- read_csv ("GVP_Eruption_Eruptions.csv"))
Global Volcanism Data Look first at the eruptions: (eruptions <- read_csv ("GVP_Eruption_Eruptions.csv")) ## # A tibble: 11,108 x 24 ## `Volcano Number` `Volcano Name` `Eruption Numbe~ `Eruption Categ~ ## <int> <chr> <int> <chr> ## 1 282090 Kirishimayama 22257 Confirmed Erupt~ ## 2 352090 Sangay 22259 Confirmed Erupt~ ## 3 267020 Karangetang 22256 Confirmed Erupt~ ## 4 283120 Kusatsu-Shira~ 22258 Confirmed Erupt~ ## 5 343100 San Miguel 22251 Confirmed Erupt~ ## 6 273030 Mayon 22250 Confirmed Erupt~ ## 7 251002 Kadovar 22246 Confirmed Erupt~ ## 8 272020 Kanlaon 22249 Confirmed Erupt~ ## 9 264020 Agung 22241 Confirmed Erupt~ ## 10 261230 Dempo 22248 Confirmed Erupt~ ## # ... with 11,098 more rows, and 20 more variables: `Area of ## # Activity` <chr>, VEI <int>, `VEI Modifier` <chr>, `Start Year ## # Modifier` <chr>, `Start Year` <int>, `Start Year Uncertainty` <int>, ## # `Start Month` <int>, `Start Day Modifier` <chr>, `Start Day` <int>, ## # `Start Day Uncertainty` <int>, `Evidence Method (dating)` <chr>, `End ## # Year Modifier` <chr>, `End Year` <int>, `End Year Uncertainty` <chr>, ## # `End Month` <int>, `End Day Modifier` <chr>, `End Day` <int>, `End Day ## # Uncertainty` <int>, Latitude <dbl>, Longitude <dbl>
Global Volcanism - Data Variates are names (eruptions) ## [1] "Volcano Number" "Volcano Name" ## [3] "Eruption Number" "Eruption Category" ## [5] "Area of Activity" "VEI" ## [7] "VEI Modifier" "Start Year Modifier" ## [9] "Start Year" "Start Year Uncertainty" ## [11] "Start Month" "Start Day Modifier" ## [13] "Start Day" "Start Day Uncertainty" ## [15] "Evidence Method (dating)" "End Year Modifier" ## [17] "End Year" "End Year Uncertainty" ## [19] "End Month" "End Day Modifier" ## [21] "End Day" "End Day Uncertainty" ## [23] "Latitude" "Longitude"
Global Volcanism - Data Variates are names (eruptions) ## [1] "Volcano Number" "Volcano Name" ## [3] "Eruption Number" "Eruption Category" ## [5] "Area of Activity" "VEI" ## [7] "VEI Modifier" "Start Year Modifier" ## [9] "Start Year" "Start Year Uncertainty" ## [11] "Start Month" "Start Day Modifier" ## [13] "Start Day" "Start Day Uncertainty" ## [15] "Evidence Method (dating)" "End Year Modifier" ## [17] "End Year" "End Year Uncertainty" ## [19] "End Month" "End Day Modifier" ## [21] "End Day" "End Day Uncertainty" ## [23] "Latitude" "Longitude" Which, if any of these, might be a primary key?
Recommend
More recommend
