Era IV Unit WHI.15 THE RENAISSANCE artistic, literary, and intellectual ideas text in blue is for notes Voorhees
Introduction: After the Medieval period… a rebirth of the classics!!
The classics- Greece and Rome Renaissance= rebirth Classics= Greco-Roman culture It’s all about new ideas, and an urge to reach the human potential
The student will apply social science skills to understand the developments leading to the Renaissance in Europe in terms of its impact on Western civilization by a) determining the economic and cultural foundations of the Italian Renaissance;
economic environment It wouldn’t have been possible without the rise of a middle class and the rise of Italian city- states based on TRADE!
South China and Southeast Asia ___ F C Northern European link to Black Sea ___ D Silk Roads Across Asia to Mediterranean ___ B Western European Sea and River ___ A Trans-Saharan Routes ___ E Maritime Routes Across Indian Ocean ___
Leonardo da Vinci’s sketches
I. Italian Renaissance A. Crusades stimulated trade! The Plague helped create a wealthy middle class B. Italian city- states became important
C. Trading Centers 1. Genoa, Venice, and Florence Had access to trade routes connecting Europe with Middle Eastern markets Served as trading centers for the distribution of goods to northern Europe Were initially independent city-states governed as republics 2. Florence= center of the Italian Renaissance
Florence, Italy- birthplace of the Renaissance
Michelangelo Park
D. Economic effects of the Crusades Crusades stimulated trade Increased demand for Middle Eastern products Stimulated production of goods to trade in Middle Eastern markets 1. Encouraged the use of credit and banking
Banking- the Medici family Banks appeared in the Middle Ages but grew in importance during the Renaissance 2. The Medici family grew wealthy through banking 3. Lorenzo de’ Medici= sponsor
The student will apply social science skills to understand the developments leading to the Renaissance in Europe in terms of its impact on Western civilization by b) sequencing events related to the rise of Italian city-states and their political development, including Machiavelli’s theory of governing as described in The Prince;
Cultural Foundations The collapse of the Byzantine Empire reignited interest in Greco-Roman culture. The Renaissance produced new ideas that were reflected in the arts, philosophy, and literature Patrons, wealthy from newly expanded trade, sponsored works which glorified city-states in northern Italy Education became increasingly secular (not religious)
Important economic concepts Church rule against usury and the banks’ practice of charging interest helped to secularize northern Italy Letters of credit served to expand the supply of money and expedite trade New accounting and bookkeeping practices (use of Arabic numerals) were introduced
E. Machiavelli 1. Book: The Prince 2. An early modern treatise on government a. absolute power b. the end justifies the means c. one should not only do good if possible, but do evil when necessary
Compare Renaissance works with past art and architecture:
Renaissance:
Comparing painting: “Dionysus, Greek God of Wine” by Titian (Renaissance) Egyptian
Comparing sculpture Olmec Colossal Head Verrocchio’s “David” (Mesoamerica)
Comparing architecture Santa Maria Novella in The Roman Pantheon Florence, Italy
Main Ideas Medieval art and literature focused on the Church and salvation, while Renaissance art and literature focused on individuals and worldly matters, along with Christianity. The Italian Renaissance sought to revive the literary and artistic culture of ancient Rome and Greece.
The student will apply social science skills to understand the developments leading to the Renaissance in Europe in terms of its impact on Western civilization by c) citing the contributions of artists and philosophers of the Renaissance, as contrasted with the medieval period, including Leonardo da Vinci, Michelangelo, and Petrarch;
Leonardo da Vinci
The Virgin of the Rocks
caricatures
The Last Supper by da Vinci
restoring a masterpiece
The Mona Lisa by da Vinci
Vitruvian Man by da Vinci
Ornithopter “A bird is an instrument working according to a mathematical law, which instrument it is within the capacity of man to reproduce, with all its movements.” Leonardo da Vinci
Michelangelo Buonarroti
Tomb of Pope Julius II
Divine Head
Last Judgement
The Pieta by Michelangelo
The Sistine Chapel Ceiling by Michelangelo
Creation of Adam, Creation of Eve
The David by Michelangelo
Laurentian Library
St. Peter’s Basilica
The works to know! F. Leonardo da Vinci – “The Mona Lisa” – “The Last Supper” G. Michelangelo Buonarroti – “The Ceiling of the Sistine Chapel” – “David”
H. Humanism 1. Celebrated the individual Stimulated the study of Greek and Roman literature and culture Was supported by wealthy patrons
2. Petrarch a) Father of humanism b) Sonnets c) humanist scholarship
Pieta
Last Supper
Sistine Chapel Ceiling
Mona Lisa
David
Vitruvian Man
TMNT! Can you name them? Michelangelo Donatello Raphael Leonardo
Raphael
Raphael
Donatello
Donatello
Bernini’s David
The School of Athens Raphael painted “The School of Athens” depicting Aristotle and Plato as teachers
Renaissance ideas spread from the Italian city states to northern Europe
Northern Renaissance Growing wealth in Northern Europe supported Renaissance ideas. Northern Renaissance thinkers merged humanist ideas with Christianity. The movable type printing press and the production and sale of books (e.g., Gutenberg Bible) helped disseminate ideas.
II. Northern Renaissance Growing wealth in Northern Europe supported Renaissance ideas A. merged humanist ideas with Christianity B. Flanders- center of Northern Renaissance
Durer Adam and Eve
Hans Holbein the Younger Erasmus
Van Eyck Madonna and Child with Chancellor Rolin
Peter Bruegel the Elder Peasant Wedding
C. Gutenberg printing press 1. Spread ideas movable type printing press production and sale of books 2. Gutenberg Bible disseminates (spread) ideas
The student will apply social science skills to understand the developments leading to the Renaissance in Europe in terms of its impact on Western civilization by d) comparing and contrasting the Italian and the Northern Renaissance, and citing the contributions of writers.
D. Northern Renaissance Writers Erasmus: The Praise of Folly Sir Thomas More: Utopia Northern Renaissance artists increasingly portrayed secular subjects.
1. Shakespeare sonnets, plays, essays Romeo and Juliet
2. Erasmus • Book- The Praise of Folly • a return to simple Christian values • Satire on the eccentricities of the Church
3. Sir Thomas More • Utopia= famous book • depicts the island that symbolized More's concept of an ideal community
Sir Thomas More coined the word “utopia” opposed the king's separation from the Catholic Church refused to accept the king as Supreme Head of the Church of England imprisoned in 1534 In 1535, he was tried for treason, convicted on perjured testimony, and beheaded
Now… REVIEW QUIZ
The Renaissance first began in the city-state of A Flanders. B Florence. C Rome. D Venice.
The banking family that supported the arts and were politically active were A the da Vincis. B the Tudors. C the Borgias. D the Medicis.
The center of the Northern Renaissance was A Flanders. B Florence. C London. D Paris.
This “Renaissance man” was an artist, engineer, and scientist: A Raphael B Lorenzo de Medici C Leonardo da Vinci D Michelangelo
Renaissance art includes all of the following EXCEPT: A Sculpture that is three- dimensional B Use of perspective C Display of emotion D Exclusively religious subjects
He is considered the “father” of humanism and was a poet. A Shakespeare B Petrarch C Machiavelli D Bruni
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