CNR - Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche National Research Council - ITALY Environmental Implications of Different Production Systems in a Sardinian Dairy Sheep Farm Antonello Franca* and Enrico Vagnoni** *CNR ISPAAM Institute for Animal Production System in Mediterranean Environment **CNR IBIMET Institute of Biometeorology Trav. La Crucca 3, Reg. Baldinca, 07100 Sassari, Italy
CNR - Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche National Research Council - ITALY Why the assessment of the environmental implications of a dairy sheep farm is relevant ? This assessment deals with the whole strategy of EU’s economic development based on the principles of the «Circular Economy» Innovation for Sustainability in Sheep and Goats Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain, 3-5 October 2017
Aims CNR - Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche National Research Council - ITALY MAIN : to fill the knowledge gap (little research with a life cycle perspective focused on dairy sheep systems) SPECIFIC: to analyze the environmental implications of a transition from a semi-intensive (2001) to a semi-extensive (2011) production system IN THE SAME FARM, with a Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) Innovation for Sustainability in Sheep and Goats Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain, 3-5 October 2017
Materials and Methods CNR - Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche National Research Council - ITALY Characteristics of the two production systems 2001 2011 Semi-intensive Semi-extensive Heads (number) 340 320 Stocking rate (ewes ha −1 ) 4.6 4.6 Milk total annual production (kg) 104,234 82,214 Milk pro-capite annual production (kg ewe -1 year −1 ) 307 257 Feed Unit for Lactation, UFL (UFL ewe -1 year -1 ) 478 387 Pastures — grazing area (ha) 3 52 Cultivated land — cereals and annual forage crops (ha) 70 18 Concentrate feed annual consumption (t) 105 98 Mineral N-fertilizer (kg ha −1 ) 72 8 Mineral P 2 O 5 -fertilizer (kg ha −1 ) 110 29 Irrigated maize (ha) 7 0 Irrigated lucerne (ha) 0 2.7 Power source Diesel generator Electricity Milk destination Cheese industry On-farm cheese manufacture Innovation for Sustainability in Sheep and Goats Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain, 3-5 October 2017
Materials and Methods CNR - Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche National Research Council - ITALY Characteristics of the two production systems 2001 2011 Semi-intensive Semi-extensive Heads (number) 340 320 Stocking rate (ewes ha −1 ) 4.6 4.6 Milk total annual production (kg) 104,234 82,214 Milk pro-capite annual production (kg ewe -1 year −1 ) 307 257 Feed Unit for Lactation, UFL (UFL ewe -1 year -1 ) 478 387 Pastures — grazing area (ha) 3 52 Cultivated land — cereals and annual forage crops (ha) 70 18 Concentrate feed annual consumption (t) 105 98 Mineral N-fertilizer (kg ha −1 ) 72 8 Mineral P 2 O 5 -fertilizer (kg ha −1 ) 110 29 Irrigated maize (ha) 7 0 Irrigated lucerne (ha) 0 2.7 Power source Diesel generator Electricity Milk destination Cheese industry On-farm cheese manufacture Innovation for Sustainability in Sheep and Goats Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain, 3-5 October 2017
Materials and Methods CNR - Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche National Research Council - ITALY LCA methodological issues Functional units: System boundaries : 1 kg of FPCM and 1 ha of UAA all inputs and outputs “from cradle to gate” Innovation for Sustainability in Sheep and Goats Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain, 3-5 October 2017
Materials and Methods CNR - Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche National Research Council - ITALY LCA methodological issues All data were organized into a Life Cycle Inventory (LCI) , the process that quantifies energy and raw material requirements, atmospheric and waterborne emissions, solid wastes and other releases for the entire life cycle of a product Enteric methane emissions were quantified using a detailed approach (IPCC Tier 2/3) and considering the total metabolizable energy ingested with the specific animal category diet. Evaluation method: IPCC (2013) which provides estimates on greenhouse gases emitted in the life cycle of products (Carbon Footprint), expressed in kilograms of CO2-equivalents LCA calculation was made using LCA software SimaPro 8.1.1 (PRé Consultants, 2016). Innovation for Sustainability in Sheep and Goats Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain, 3-5 October 2017
CNR - Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche National Research Council - ITALY Results Innovation for Sustainability in Sheep and Goats Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain, 3-5 October 2017
Results CNR - Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche National Research Council - ITALY Life Cycle Inventory of the total annual milk production for the two production systems Impact category Unit 2001 2011 13,410 6,595 m 3 Water 115 59 Carbon dioxide t 6 5 Methane biogenic t 101 75 Dinitrogen monoxide kg 16 15 Phosphorus, in water kg 91 70 Phosphate kg 367 227 Sulphur dioxide kg 560 270 Nitrogen oxides kg 21 10 Occupation, arable, non-irrigated ha 5 3 Occupation, arable, irrigated ha 10 29 Occupation, grassland, natural ha Innovation for Sustainability in Sheep and Goats Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain, 3-5 October 2017
Results CNR - Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche National Research Council - ITALY in 2001 = 2.99 kg CO2-eq semi-intensive The Carbon Footprint of 1 kg of FPCM in 2011 = 3.25 kg CO2-eq semi-extensive Innovation for Sustainability in Sheep and Goats Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain, 3-5 October 2017
Results CNR - Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche National Research Council - ITALY in 2001 = 2.99 kg CO2-eq semi-intensive The Carbon Footprint of 1 kg of FPCM in 2011 = 3.25 kg CO2-eq semi-extensive Innovation for Sustainability in Sheep and Goats Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain, 3-5 October 2017
Results CNR - Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche National Research Council - ITALY in 2001 = 5.55 t CO2-eq semi-intensive The Carbon Footprint of 1 ha of UAA in 2011 = 3.70 t CO2-eq semi-extensive Innovation for Sustainability in Sheep and Goats Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain, 3-5 October 2017
Results CNR - Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche National Research Council - ITALY in 2001 = 5.55 t CO2-eq semi-intensive The Carbon Footprint of 1 ha of UAA in 2011 = 3.70 t CO2-eq semi-extensive Innovation for Sustainability in Sheep and Goats Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain, 3-5 October 2017
Conclusions CNR - Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche National Research Council - ITALY The LCA study highlighted that the transition from a semi-intensive to a semi-extensive production system had a positive effect on the had a negligible effect on the VS. Carbon Footprint of 1 ha of UAA Carbon Footprint of 1 kg FPCM - 30% Innovation for Sustainability in Sheep and Goats Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain, 3-5 October 2017
Conclusions CNR - Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche National Research Council - ITALY 1 kg FPCM 1 ha of UAA the utility is more related to the utility is more related to product-related assessments land use assessments USERS: USERS: Farmers, Sellers, Producers Policy makers, Environmental planners, Ecologists - 30% Innovation for Sustainability in Sheep and Goats Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain, 3-5 October 2017
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