Enhancing global security through space Enhancing global security - PDF document

Enhancing global security through space Enhancing global security through space the role of COPUOS and UNOOSA the role of COPUOS and UNOOSA ACUNS Annual Meeting “ ACUNS Annual Meeting “New Security Challenges New Security Challenges” ” Panel on Space Security, 5 June, Vienna University Panel on Space Security, 5 June, Vienna University Niklas Hedman Hedman, UNOOSA , UNOOSA Niklas "Bringing the benefits of space to humankind" 1

The Committee on the Peaceful Uses of Outer Space The Committee on the Peaceful Uses of Outer Space (COPUOS) (COPUOS) Set up by General Assembly resolutions 1348 (XIII) in 1958 and 1 Set up by General Assembly resolutions 1348 (XIII) in 1958 and 1472 (XIV) in 1959 472 (XIV) in 1959 Two standing subsidiary bodies established in 1961: Scientific and Technical nd Technical Two standing subsidiary bodies established in 1961: Scientific a Subcommittee (STSC) and Legal Subcommittee (LSC) Subcommittee (STSC) and Legal Subcommittee (LSC) Reports annually to the General Assembly Fourth Committee Reports annually to the General Assembly Fourth Committee 69 member States and 27 international intergovernmental and non- 69 member States and 27 international intergovernmental and non -governmental governmental organizations with permanent observer status organizations with permanent observer status COPUOS is mandated to: COPUOS is mandated to: - - Review international cooperation in the peaceful Review international cooperation in the peaceful uses of outer space; uses of outer space; - - Devise programmes in this field to be undertaken Devise programmes in this field to be undertaken under the auspices of the United Nations; under the auspices of the United Nations; - Encourage continued research and dissemination Encourage continued research and dissemination - of information on outer space matters; of information on outer space matters; - - Study legal problems arising from the exploration Study legal problems arising from the exploration of outer space of outer space "Bringing the benefits of space to humankind" 2

COPUOS and “ COPUOS and “space security space security” ” Earth environment; space environment; fair and responsible use of outer space: f outer space: Earth environment; space environment; fair and responsible use o Recent achievements Recent achievements - - 2007 Space Debris Mitigation Guidelines ( 2007 Space Debris Mitigation Guidelines ( A/62/20, annex A/62/20, annex ) ) - - 2007 GA Resolution on Registration Practice ( 2007 GA Resolution on Registration Practice ( GA/RES/62/101 GA/RES/62/101 ) ) - 2009 Safety Framework for Use of Nuclear Power Sources ( - 2009 Safety Framework for Use of Nuclear Power Sources ( A/AC.105/934 A/AC.105/934 ) ) Current agenda Current agenda - Space and climate change Space and climate change - - Space and water Space and water - - - Use of Geospatial data for sustainable development Use of Geospatial data for sustainable development - - Use of the geostationary orbit Use of the geostationary orbit - Long - Long- -term sustainability of space activities term sustainability of space activities - - Use of space technology in the United Nations system Use of space technology in the United Nations system - COPUOS contribution to the Commission on Sustainable Developmen COPUOS contribution to the Commission on Sustainable Development t - - Near Near- -Earth Objects Earth Objects - - Capacity Capacity- -building in Space Law building in Space Law - - - National space legislation National space legislation "Bringing the benefits of space to humankind" 3

UNISPACE III UNISPACE III The Third United Nations Conference on the Exploration and Peaceful Uses of Outer ful Uses of Outer The Third United Nations Conference on the Exploration and Peace Space was held in Vienna 19- -30 July 1999 (report A/CONF.184/6). UNISPACE III 30 July 1999 (report A/CONF.184/6). UNISPACE III Space was held in Vienna 19 Conference resolution 54/68 of 6 December 1999 Conference resolution 54/68 of 6 December 1999 Mechanisms for implementing the recommendations of UNISPACE III included the Mechanisms for implementing the recommendations of UNISPACE III included the revision by COPUOS of the structure of agendas of its Subcommittees, adoption of a revision by COPUOS of the structure of agendas of its Subcommitt ees, adoption of a plan of action of UNOOSA, establishment by Member States of Action Teams, as well on Teams, as well plan of action of UNOOSA, establishment by Member States of Acti as efforts at the national level as efforts at the national level UNISPACE III+5 report (A/59/174) with Plan of Action to: UNISPACE III+5 report (A/59/174) with Plan of Action to: a) support overarching global agendas for sustainable development a) support overarching global agendas for sustainable developmen t b) develop coordinated, global space capabilities b) develop coordinated, global space capabilities c) support specific agendas to meet human development needs at the global level c) support specific agendas to meet human development needs at t he global level e) support overarching capacity development e) support overarching capacity development General Assembly resolution 59/2 of 20 October 2004 General Assembly resolution 59/2 of 20 October 2004 "Bringing the benefits of space to humankind" 4

Five UN Treaties: Five UN Treaties: - Outer Space Treaty, 1967 (100 States Parties/26 Signatories) Outer Space Treaty, 1967 (100 States Parties/26 Signatories) - - - Rescue Agreement, 1968 (91/24) Rescue Agreement, 1968 (91/24) - - Liability Convention, 1972 (88/23) Liability Convention, 1972 (88/23) - - Registration Convention, 1975 (53/4) Registration Convention, 1975 (53/4) - - Moon Agreement, 1979 (13/4) Moon Agreement, 1979 (13/4) Five Declarations and Legal Principles: Five Declarations and Legal Principles: - - Declaration of Legal Principles Governing the Activities of Sta Declaration of Legal Principles Governing the Activities of States in the Exploration tes in the Exploration and Uses of Outer Space (1963) and Uses of Outer Space (1963) - - Principles Governing the Use by States of Artificial Earth Sate Principles Governing the Use by States of Artificial Earth Satellites for International llites for International Direct Television Broadcasting (1982) Direct Television Broadcasting (1982) - Principles Relating to Remote Sensing of the Earth from Outer S Principles Relating to Remote Sensing of the Earth from Outer Space (1986) pace (1986) - - Principles Relevant to the Use of Nuclear Power Sources in Oute Principles Relevant to the Use of Nuclear Power Sources in Outer Space (1992) r Space (1992) - - - Declaration on International Cooperation in the Exploration and Declaration on International Cooperation in the Exploration and Use of Outer Space Use of Outer Space for the Benefit and in the Interest of All States, Taking into P for the Benefit and in the Interest of All States, Taking into Particular Account the articular Account the Needs of Developing Countries (1996) Needs of Developing Countries (1996) "Bringing the benefits of space to humankind" 5

Legal regime of outer space Legal regime of outer space – Province of all mankind Province of all mankind – – – Freedom of exploration Freedom of exploration – Non Non- -appropriation of Outer Space appropriation of Outer Space – – UN Charter UN Charter – – – Non Non- -placement of weapons of mass destruction placement of weapons of mass destruction – Responsibility for national space activities Responsibility for national space activities – – – Liability for damage caused by objects launched into outer Liability for damage caused by objects launched into outer space space – – Establishment of UN register of space object Establishment of UN register of space object – The Moon and its natural resources are common heritage of The Moon and its natural resources are common heritage of – mankind mankind "Bringing the benefits of space to humankind"

Accomplishments and Future Prospects Accomplishments and Future Prospects � Greater awareness of space tools for sustainable development � Greater understanding, acceptance and implementation of the United Nations Space Law Treaties � Increased coherence and synergy in space-related work of United Nations entities and international space-related entities � Advancing space exploration initiatives "Bringing the benefits of space to humankind" 7