Enhance Livelihoods in Pastoral Areas South Sudan
Pastoral systems are economically viable but fragile as they manage a fragile environment Based on risk management M a Spatial management which needs to maintain mobility as best n way to utilize resources a Accumulation of capital only in livestock assets (increase the risk and g diminish it at the same time) e m Need to maintain a minimum herd size to face future risk and face social obligations Need to maintain a minimum herd size to face future risk and face social obligations e e n Strategic sale to get cash in return to purchase food, services, items, social obligations t Compromise between the need of cash and the need of keeping the animal as it � represent a productive/reproductive capital to recover after the crisis, contribute to stock building, expresses social status The basic economic logic is that poorer pastoral households need to build � herds before more commercially-orientated market engagement becomes feasible. This behavior does not reflect a fixation with acquiring livestock for � reasons of social status only, but, is a rationale economic strategy given the vulnerability context, and the high economic returns from livestock relative to other economic opportunities in these areas
Pastoral systems are under threat therefore livelihood and food security are under threat too Water scarcity, Insecurity, Diminishing natural conflicts, cattle resources, grazing rustling patterns and corridors Insufficient market progressive land access and sequestration sequestration declining terms of declining terms of Little investment to Little investment to trade, commodities enhance pastoral price steadily production system increasing and alternative livelihood Erosive impact of livestock diseases Any of the factors undermining pastoral livelihood consequently put at risk the capacity pastoralist have to produce or purchase food .
South Sudan, livestock snapshot 11.7 million cattle, 12.4 million goats and 12.1 million sheep, this � amounts to the sixth largest livestock herd in Africa with an asset value roughly estimated at SDG 7 billion. More than 85% of all households in Southern Sudan are livestock � producers/keepers Estimated number of 950,000 livestock keepers engaged in � pastoralism and agro-pastoralism who are considered as the main livestock keepers In comparison with the relatively low human population this places � Southern Sudan as the country with the highest livestock per capita ratio in Africa with a calculated average number of livestock to be 25 per household
South Sudan on the edge Sub-Sahara South Sudan Increase herd size to: 10%- 3% 20-40%- 1. capitalize 10-15 % (environmental stress increases 3.5% risk) risk) 1.5 - 3. ?% 2. sell (terms of trade are progressively deteriorating) 7%-14% < 4% Southern Sudan could be losing more than 1 million cattle (both young and mature) and 3 million shoats annually through death, over and above the tolerable levels Annual growth Commercial off-take Mortality Herd size
Smaller livestock keepers are less resilient PP Pastoral policies ( IGAD -CPF) < 50 50 - 200 X % Animal health services 20-40%- > 200 10-15 % 3 % ? ? % ? Cash transfer Cash transfer 2 - 3 5% 75% 20% Marketing interventions Y % < 4% Productive infrastructures “”as the recurrence of droughts heightens and pastoralists gradually embrace the cash economy, pastoralists are increasingly availing their animals to markets” Ekuam, CEWARN- IGAD, ISS
OLS – FAO \ GREP After Supervised by multi-disciplinary teams and be part of a multi- Rinderpest At least 8 disciplinary team at cattle camp eradicated diseases to control trough Cattle camp initiatives of: 2000 trained 400-800 active •One health discipline (OH • Embedded in the • Deployment scheme platform) and nutrition Community with higher level •Education • Trained for detection professional network •Indigenous early warning • Supported by Cost established system (FEWSNET) system (FEWSNET) recovery system recovery system • Spatial distribution • Spatial distribution •Livestock early warning • Donor/Agency support rather than system (GL-CRSP*) • Global-Regional quantitative criteria •Conflict early warning and Commitment • Engagement of the monitor system (CEWARN-IGAD**) private sector, •Support to cattle rustling prevention • Sustainability never veterinary drugs, initiatives (IGAD-EAPCCO-ISS – addressed pharmacies Mifugo Project***) through LITS. • No involvement of the • Extended knowledge •Community awareness and private sector toward production, monitoring (KAP) • Huge drop-off market, IEWS and •Agents in DRR and DRM LEWS Community based animal health workers CBAHWs, South Sudan
Programme Focus � Bridging the gap between emergency relief and development assistance, alternative � Establish viable pastoralist and livelihoods *, � Enhancement � Enhancement of of livelihoods livelihoods options options to to reduce reduce vulnerability and destitution in pastoral regions, � Improving livestock production and marketing, � Improving natural resource management, � Strengthening civil governance and conflict mitigation, � Promoting local, national, regional and international policies beneficial to pastoral areas
• In considerations regarding alternative sources of income a distinction should be made between: � alternative livelihoods strategies (e.g., exit), � complementary livelihood strategies (e.g., � complementary livelihood strategies (e.g., charcoal production, handicrafts) and � enhanced (livestock-centered) livelihood strategies (i.e. market integration, dairy products).
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