Energy Considerations At Navy Restoration Sites FRTR Meeting – May 13, 2010 Kim Parker Brown, M.S., P.E.
Presentation Overview • • Green Sustainable Case Study 2: Former Live Impact Area (LIA) Vieques, Puerto Rico Remediation (GSR) • Case Study 3: Bioventing System, Drivers Naval Air Station Whidbey Island, • Navy GSR Drivers Washington • Navy GSR Guidance • Case Study 4: Mobile Wind Turbine, – Renewable Energy Former Adak Naval Complex, AK • Navy GSR Survey • Case Study 5: Phytoremediation, Results NTC Orlando • Lessons Learned • Case Study 1: • Navy TechVal Program SiteWiseTM Analysis, • Conclusion & Summary NAS Alameda 2
GSR Drivers EO 13514 – October 5, 2009 Federal Leadership in Environmental, Energy, and Economic Performance • GSR related major elements: Improve energy efficiency; reduce GHG emissions, water consumption, waste generation; promote renewable energy, recycling, community enhancements DoD Memorandum August 10, 2009 “Consideration of GSR practices in the Defense Environmental Restoration Program” • Evaluate opportunities for GSR during all phases of remediation • Implement these opportunities when and where these makes sense • Track and report progress 3
Key Energy and GSR Driver Executive Order 13423 Signed on January 24, 2007, includes the following goals: – Energy efficiency to be improved and greenhouse gas emissions reduced by way of reduction in energy intensity by (i) 3 percent annually through FY 2015 or (ii) 30 percent by FY 2015, relative to FY03 baseline. – 50% of statutorily required renewable energy consumed has to come from new (new = renewables placed in service after Jan 1) renewable sources 4
Key Energy Driver - DOD Renewable Goal Defense Authorization Act FY 2007 SEC. 2852. DOD GOAL REGARDING USE OF RENEWABLE ENERGY TO MEET ELECTRICITY NEEDS: •“…not less than 25 percent of total quantity of electric •energy within DOD facilities and activities during FY 2025 and thereafter from renewable energy sources (as defined in section 203(b) of the Energy Policy Act of 2005)…” 5
Navy GSR Guidance for Optimization Goals Optimize the Remedy. An optimized remedy is a green and sustainable remedy. The Navy has been promoting remedy optimization for over a decade. Navy Optimization policy guidance documents are listed below: • DON Policy for Optimizing Remedial and Removal Actions under the Environmental Restoration Program (DON, 2004), • Guide for Optimizing Remedial Action Operations (Naval Facilities Engineering Command [NAVFAC], 2001), • DON Guidance for Planning and Optimizing Monitoring Strategies (NAVFAC, 2008), and • Guidance for Optimizing Remedy Evaluation, Selection and Design (NAVFAC, 2010). 6
Navy GSR Guidance: Documents Updates to Navy Optimization guidance documents to include GSR principles are: • Guidance for Optimizing Remedy Evaluation, Selection, and Design (March 2010) Extensive updates and revisions have been made to the original 2004 version of this guidance and some of the more significant changes include incorporation of the following information: – sustainability concepts to account for the overall environmental footprint of a remedial action – expanded view of the conceptual site model (CSM). • Guidance for Optimizing Remedial Action Operations - 2001 (currently being updated) • New Guidance for GSR, currently in development 7
Navy GSR Guidance: Renewable Energy Commonly available on-site methods of supplying renewable energy to generate electricity to power remediation equipment: • Photovoltaics: well suited for remediation systems because they can be used for small-scale applications as well as large scale application –Ability to installed with battery systems to store energy during sunny periods and use this stored energy during dark or cloudy periods. –Ability to be tied into the power grid such that during periods where site demand exceeds what the PV system can provide, power is delivered from the grid to the site. –When the PV system output exceeds the site demand, energy is transmitted from the PV system to the grid and the utility company gives credit to the PV system owner for this energy. 8
Navy GSR Guidance: GSR Web Portal Web Portal Contains information regarding: • • GSR Fact sheet Resources • • Tools (e.g., SiteWise™) Case studies • Educational Web Tool • Contacts 9
Navy GSR Survey Responses: Low Energy Technologies Sustainable Remedial Technologies Implemented or Planned Stabilization/solidification � using soil amendments Phytoremediation � Permeable reactive � barriers, including biowalls Monitored natural � attenuation � Landfarming In-situ bioremediation � Evapotranspiration cover � Engineered Wetlands 0 5 10 15 20 25 30 Number of Sites 10
Navy GSR Survey Responses, continued Sustainable Actions Actual or Planned � Minimized negative ecological impacts Maximized recycling, reuse, and reduction of materials � including waste Minimized fresh water consumption or maximized water � reuse in treatment systems Minimized emissions, including greenhouse gases � Minimized energy use and increased energy efficiency � Preserved natural resources � 0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 Number of Sites 11
O & M Costs for Common Technologies: Air Sparging/ SVE System Electrical • Energy is typically a Waste cost driver, Navy 12% Disposal tracks operation and Labor 10% 38% maintenance cost during remedy operations. Materials 11% Analytical Local Labor 6% 23% New understanding of adverse environmental impacts has led to Navy increased emphasis on evaluating energy. 12
Point of Diminishing Returns A illustration which shows during remedy operations, Navy not only considers remedy performance over time but also tracks GSR metrics over time, such as GHG emissions or energy consumption. Graph representing GHG emissions per mass of contaminant removed 13
Case Study 1 : NAS Alameda • Naval Air Station closed in 1997, now called Alameda Point • Navy’s BRAC PMO San Diego is responsible for remediation of all the sites / OUs. • Sustainability evaluation case study - remediation alternatives for soil and groundwater at OU 2-C • Battelle conducted the case study using “SITEWISE TM” tool. 14
Case Study 1: NAS Alameda Sustainability Evaluation of Remediation Alternatives for OU 2-C • Evaluation included remediation alternatives for soil and groundwater. Only alternatives for soil included in this presentation • Soil remediation alternatives – S2: 4700 cu yd soil excavation & off site disposal, engineered cap, ICs, & monitoring – S3: 23,000 cu yd soil excavation & off site disposal, ICs, & monitoring – S4: 11,000 cu yd soil excavation & off site disposal, SVE, ICs, & monitoring 15
Case Study 1: Evaluation Results for Soil Alternatives GHG Emissions • Calculate life cycle impacts from operation of remedy components and consumable materials • Impacts during equipment manufacturing / fabrication not included • For soil remedies, largest contribution to GHG emissions is CO 2 from fuel consumption - S2 S3 S4 equipment use, and transportation of materials • Alternative S3 has the highest soil excavation volume and GHG emissions ~ 1700 tons 16
Case Study 1: NAS Alameda Energy Usage • Energy usage has same trend as GHG emissions • Energy usage is mostly from transportation fuels; reported in MWh • S3 has the highest energy usage due to transport of large quantity of soil S2 S3 S4 17
Case Study 1: NAS Alameda Relative Impacts for Soil Remedies Alternative GHG Energy Air Emissions Collateral Risk Emissions Usage S2 Low Low Low Low S3 High High High High S4 Medium Medium Medium Medium Relative ranking is compatible with evaluation of CERCLA nine criteria 18
Case Study 2: Former Live Impact Area (LIA) Vieques, Puerto Rico • Hundreds of acres, landfill, remote open space • Photovoltaics used • Wind turbines used • 15.2 million lbs of metals accumulated and 11.5 million lbs recycled 19
Case Study 3: Bio Venting System Installation Naval Air Station Whidbey Island, Washington Contaminants: Total Petroleum Hydrocarbons Technology: Passive Bioventing Description & GSR Actions: Navy is in the process of upgrading the fuel distribution center at NAS Whidbey Island. Upgrade compromises the demolition of 4 large existing fuel farms and construction of a single new fuel farm. The bioventing system allows onsite management and treatment of the PCS, instead of hauling the soil off-site for treatment. Once treated the soil can be reused as fill material. 250 ,000 gallon UST was recycled to be used as containment structure for the bioventing project. This was done by removing the top of the UST. Cost Avoidance Measures Use of wind energy to provide forced air through the soil , for successful bioventing. 20
Case Study 4: Mobile Wind Turbine Former Adak Naval Complex, AK •Remote area, multiple sites, free product • Mobile wind turbines used to generate power for remediation systems •Some units were damaged when gale force winds unexpectedly hit site •Whether temporary or permanent, plan equipment sizing for ‘worst case’ scenario 21
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